Editing Mayapan (section)

==Chronology==
[[File:Mural mayapan.JPG|thumb|This mural partially survives in the Sala de los Frescos in Mayapán. In it appears a solar disk with the figure of a deity, possibly representing one of the transit of Venus that happened in years 1152 or 1275.]]

===Before Mayapan===
* Some evidence suggests overlapping occupation of the area by different cultures. Shook in 1954 said that there may have been a [[Puuc]] "city" somewhere near Mayapan prior to its post-classical settlement. The mixture of Puuc pot shards in the lower parts of Mayapan lots may support this, but it is a very small percentage of the material (2% in most cases and no more than 4% in others).

===Site chronology based on ceramics===
* According to Robert Smith, the ceramicist for the Carnegie Institution, there were two ceramic phases in Mayapan: ''hocaba,'' which he said started around A.D. 1200 and may have included types named Mama Red and Navula Unslipped, more commonly associated with southern lowland settlements. (Milbrath and Pereza argue that the Hocaba phase starts in A.D. 1100, which fits better with the chronology of the southern lowland sites.) The second phase is ''Tases'', which has some overlapping typology with the ''Hocaba'' phase.

===Site chronology based on radiocarbon dates===

====Middle Preclassical Date====
:In an alley fill between the Templo Redondo and an adjoining hall, some charcoal was found that yielded a calibrated date of 540–820 B.C. But, most of the pottery in this fill was post-classical. Researchers think that this sample represented old charcoal that predated the context in which it was found.

====Terminal Classical Dates====
:A burial found on bedrock in the houselot{{typo help inline|reason=similar to houselet|date=November 2019}} soils of a post-classical ''solare'' dated between A.D. 600 and A.D. 780. The burial appeared to be a secondary interment, and could not be completely excavated because it intruded into a wall. There was no pottery with the burial; midden samples in this area suggest occupation prior to the construction of the post-classical houselots.

:Charcoal was found on the upper floor of one of the temples that was dated to A.D. 770-1020. Researchers think that this sample is not associated with the context in which it was found. The construction fill as well as the upper floors were of post-classical age.

===Early Mayapan occupation===
* Three separate samples form the frame for early Mayapan occupation. These dates are A.D. 990–1170. However, two of these dates come from inexact sources. One was burned copal found in an unknown structure (apparently the label had eroded off of the structure); the researchers inferred that it was Q-95. The early date would suggest that this temple was built and in use in Mayapan's early history.
* Carbon dating of the pits below what was assumed to be Q-97 (again the label had eroded) dated from A.D. 990–1180.
* Charcoal found in the early construction phase of the site's main pyramid was dated A.D. 1020–1170. This sample was found in reliable context and is presumably the most accurate. It is important for suggesting that the post-classical phase in Mayapan started earlier than A.D. 1200.

===Late Mayapan occupation===
* Mayapan's settlement pattern radiated outwards to its fringes over time; many of the later dates are from materials outside of the main group of ruins. The fall of the city is tentatively dated around A.D. 1461, based on the lack of construction of altars and burial cists after this date. (Lope et al. 2006). According to [[Diego de Landa Calderon]] (1524–1579), the city was abandoned following the country's enslavement by a certain chieftain of the Yucatecan nation (in collusion with a garrison of [[Mexica]] Indians), and which abuse eventually led to internecine war, culminating in the city's demise in ''circa'' 1441.<ref>Diego de Landa Calderon, ''Yucatán before and after the Conquest'', 1937 (reprinted in 2008) See: [http://www.kidbots.com/MATH/YUCATAN_BEFORE_AND_AFTER.pdf Abridged History of Yucatan], pp. 38-41.</ref><ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/maya/ybac/ybac12.htm ''Yucatán Before and After the Conquest''], by Diego de Landa.</ref><ref>''Mayapan Yucatan Mexico'', H.E.D. Pollock, Ralph L. Roys, T. Proskouriakoff & A. Ledyard Smith, Publication 619: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 1962, (Introduction) p. 8</ref><ref>''Kukulcan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán'', Marilyn Masson & Carlos Peraza Lope, University Press of Colorado 2014, chapter 8: ''Militarism, Misery and Collapse'' {{ISBN|978-1-60732-319-8}}</ref>