Editing Marlin (section)

==Classification==
The marlins are [[istiophoriformes|Istiophoriform]] fish, most closely related to the [[swordfish]] (which itself is the sole member of the family [[Xiphiidae]]). The [[carangiformes]] are believed to be the second-closest clade to marlins. Although previously thought to be closely related to [[Scombridae]], genetic analysis only shows a slight relationship.

{{clear}}

=== Extant genera ===
:{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''{{big| Istiophoriform genera and species }}'''
|-
! Image !! Genus !! Living species  !! Common name
|-
| [[File:Maind u0 cropped.png|175px]]<br/>{{center|black marlin}} || ''[[Istiompax]]''<br/>{{small|(Whitley, 1931)}} || ''[[Istiompax indica]]'' || black marlin 
|-
|rowspan=2| [[File:Sailfish (Duane Raver).png|175px]]<br/>{{center|Atlantic sailfish}} ||rowspan=2| ''[[Istiophorus]]''<br/>{{small|(Lacépède, 1801)}} || ''I. albicans'' || [[Atlantic sailfish]]
|-
| ''I. platypterus'' || [[Indo-Pacific sailfish]]
|-
|rowspan=2| [[File:Blue marlin (Duane Raver).png|175px]]<br/>{{center|Atlantic blue}} ||rowspan=2| ''[[Makaira]]''<br/>{{small|(Lacépède, 1802)}} || ''Makaira nigricans''<br/>{{small|(Lacepède, 1802)}} || [[Atlantic blue marlin]] 
|-
| ''Makaira mazara''<br/>{{small|([[David Starr Jordan|Jordan]] & [[John Otterbein Snyder|Snyder]], 1901)}} || [[Indo-Pacific blue marlin]] 
|-
|rowspan=2| [[File:White marlin (Duane Raver).png|175px]]<br/>{{center|white marlin}} ||rowspan=2| ''[[Kajikia]]''<br/>{{small|(Hirasaka & H. Nakamura, 1947)}} || ''[[White Marlin|Kajikia albida]]''<br/>{{small|([[Felipe Poey y Aloy|Poey]], 1860)}}  || white marlin
|-
| ''[[Kajikia audax]]''<br/>{{nobr|{{small|([[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi (Krumweide)<nowiki/>]], 1887)}} }} || striped marlin 
|-
|rowspan=4| [[File:Longbill spearfish (Duane Raver).png|175px]]<br/>{{center|longbill}} ||rowspan=4| ''[[Tetrapturus]]''<br/>{{small|(Rafinesque, 1810)}} || ''[[Tetrapturus angustirostris]]''<br/>{{small|([[Shigeho Tanaka|S. Tanaka (I)]], 1915)}} || shortbill spearfish 
|-
| ''[[Tetrapturus belone]]''<br/>{{small|([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810)}} || Mediterranean spearfish 
|-
| ''[[Tetrapturus georgii]]''<br/>{{small|([[Richard Thomas Lowe|R.T. Lowe]], 1841)}} || roundscale spearfish 
|-
| ''[[Tetrapturus pfluegeri]]''<br/>{{small|([[Charles Richard Robins|C. R. Robins]] & [[Donald Perrin de Sylva|de Sylva]], 1963)}} || longbill spearfish 
|}

===Fossil genera===
Marlins have a continuous fossil record from the Miocene onwards, with the oldest uncontroversial fossil dated to 22 million years ago.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= De Gracia |first1= C. |last2= Berning |first2= B. |last3 = Kriwet |first3= J. |date= March 2023 |title= The origin of modern marlins (Teleostei: Istiophoridae): new fossil evidence from the Lower Miocene of Austria |journal= Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume= 43 |issue= 2 |pages= e2281490|doi= 10.1080/02724634.2023.2281490|doi-access= free }}</ref> It is thought that they probably evolved in the [[Paratethys]] Sea.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Fierstine |first1= H.L. |date= 2006 |title= Fossil history of billfishes (Xiphioidei) |journal= Bulletin of Marine Science |volume= 79 |issue= 3 |pages= 433–453 |url= https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/umrsmas/bullmar/2006/00000079/00000003/art00002 |access-date= 30 April 2024}}</ref>

The following fossil genera are known:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Gracia |first1=Carlos |last2=Correa-Metrio |first2=Alex |last3=Carvalho |first3=Mónica |last4=Velez-Juarbe |first4=Jorge |last5=Přikryl |first5=Tomáš |last6=Jaramillo |first6=Carlos |last7=Kriwet |first7=Jürgen |date=2022-12-31 |title=Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959 |bibcode=2022JSPal..20....1D |issn=1477-2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Gracia |first1=Carlos |last2=Villalobos-Segura |first2=Eduardo |last3=Ballen |first3=Gustavo A. |last4=Carnevale |first4=Giorgio |last5=Kriwet |first5=Jürgen |date=2024 |title=Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1559 |issn=2056-2799|doi-access=free |bibcode=2024PPal...10E1559D }}</ref>

* †''[[Morgula]]'' <small>Gracia ''et al''., 2022</small>
* †''[[Pizzikoskerma]]'' <small>Gracia, Villalobos-Segura, Ballen, Carnevale & Kriwet, 2024</small>
* †''[[Prototetrapturus]]'' <small>Gracia ''et al''., 2022</small>
* †''[[Sicophasma]]'' <small>Gracia, Villalobos-Segura, Ballen, Carnevale & Kriwet, 2024</small>
* †''[[Spathochoira]]'' <small>Gracia ''et al''., 2022</small>

<timeline>
ImageSize  = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px
PlotArea   = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period      = from:-65.5 till:10
TimeAxis    = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor  = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5
ScaleMinor  = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5
TimeAxis    = orientation:hor
AlignBars   = justify

Colors =
 #legends
  id:CAR   value:claret
  id:ANK   value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
  id:HER   value:teal
  id:HAD   value:green
  id:OMN   value:blue
  id:black        value:black
  id:white        value:white
  id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
  id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
  id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
  id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
  id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
  id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
  id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
  id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
  id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
  id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
  id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)

BarData=
 bar:eratop
 bar:space
 bar:periodtop
 bar:space
 bar:NAM1
 bar:NAM2
 bar:NAM3
 bar:NAM4

 bar:space
 bar:period
 bar:space
 bar:era

PlotData=
 align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
 shift:(7,-4)

 bar:periodtop
 from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:[[Paleocene]]
 from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:[[Eocene]]
 from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:[[Oligocene]]
 from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:[[Miocene]]
 from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:[[Pliocene|Plio.]]
 from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:[[Pleistocene|Pleist.]]
 from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:[[Holocene|H.]]

 bar:eratop
 from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:[[Paleogene]]
 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:[[Neogene]]
 from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:[[Quaternary|Q.]]

PlotData=
 align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

 color:eocene bar:NAM1  from: -55.8 till: 0 text: [[Pseudohistiophorus]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM2  from: -23.03 till: 0 text: [[Tetrapterus]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM3  from: -15.97 till: 0 text: [[Istiophorus]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM4  from: -11.608 till: 0 text: [[Makaira]]

PlotData=
 align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

 bar:period
 from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:[[Paleocene]]
 from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:[[Eocene]]
 from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:[[Oligocene]]
 from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:[[Miocene]]
 from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:[[Pliocene|Plio.]]
 from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:[[Pleistocene|Pleist.]]
 from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:[[Holocene|H.]]

 bar:era
 from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:[[Paleogene]]
 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:[[Neogene]]
 from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:[[Quaternary|Q.]]
</timeline>