Editing Margaret Tudor (section)

== Reign of James IV ==
[[File:Margaret Tudor Sketch.jpg|thumb|upright|Copy of a contemporary portrait of Margaret from the [[Recueil d'Arras]]]]
By her marriage contract, Margaret was allowed a household with 24 English courtiers or servants.<ref>[[Rymer, Thomas]], ''Foedera'', vol. 12 (London, 1711), p. 789.</ref> These included her cook Hunt, her chamberer Margaret, John Camner who played the lute, her ushers Hamnet Clegg and Edmund Livesay, and her ladies in waiting, [[Margaret Dennet]], [[Eleanor Johns]], [[Eleanor Verney]], Agnes Musgrave, and [[Elizabeth Berlay]].<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 336–338.</ref> Some of her ladies in waiting had been members of the household of Elizabeth of York.{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|p=41}} Richard Justice and Harry Roper worked in the wardrobe, making her sheets, washing clothes, mending her tapestries and perfuming them with violet powder. Roper had been Page of the Beds to Elizabeth of York, and Justice was her Page of Robes. Roper returned to England to serve [[Catherine of Aragon]].<ref>Nicolas, Nicholas Harris ''Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York'' (London, 1830), p. 98</ref>{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|pp=43, 102}} Elizabeth Maxtoun, a Scottish woman, washed the queen's linen. Rich fabrics were provided by an Italian merchant [[Jerome Frescobaldi]].<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. xciv–cii, 325, 335, 338.</ref> After a few years, she employed a Scottish cook Alexander Kerse.<ref>''Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1908), p. 257 no. 1720.</ref> Some members of her household were described in a humorous poem by [[William Dunbar]], ''[[Ane Dance in the Quenis Chalmer]]''.<ref>Bawcutt, Priscilla ''Dunbar the Makar'' (Oxford, 1992), p. 52.</ref>

On [[Maundy Thursday]], known as Skyre Thursday or "Cena Domini", it was the custom for the monarch and consort to give gifts to the poor and symbolically wash their feet.<ref>Dickson, Thomas ''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. cccii–cccv.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Blakeway |first=Amy |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/909150807 |title=Regency in sixteenth-century Scotland |date=2015 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-84383-980-4 |location=Woodbridge |page=137 |oclc=909150807}}</ref> On 4 April 1504 Margaret gave 15 poor women blue gowns, shoes, a purse with 15 English pennies, and a wooden tankard with a jug and a plate, a token of the [[Last Supper]]. The number of poor women matched her age.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 259.</ref>{{Sfnp|Beer|2018|pp=137–139}} Another custom was to give [[New Year's Day gift (royal courts)|gifts on New Year's Day]], and James IV gave Margaret two sapphire rings in 1504.<ref>Nicola Tallis, ''All The Queen's Jewels, 1445–1548: Power, Majesty and Display'' (Routledge, 2023), p. 199.</ref> In 1507 James IV gave her a "serpent's tongue" (really a [[shark tooth]]) set in gold with precious stones, which was believed to guard against poison. She gave a French knight [[Antoine d'Arces]] a gold [[salt cellar]] with an image of the Virgin Mary.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 359, 364.</ref> In January 1513 the gifts included gold rings for eight ladies of her chamber, made by John Aitkin, a goldsmith who worked in [[Stirling Castle]], and the [[Ellen More|"two black ladies" Ellen and Margaret More]] were given 10 gold [[Écu|French crowns]].<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]] [https://archive.org/details/accountslordhig01offigoog/page/n497/mode/2up ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1507–1512'', vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1902), p. 401]</ref>

Margaret suffered from nosebleeds, and an apothecary [[William Foular]] provided a bloodstone or [[Heliotrope (mineral)|heliotrope]] as a remedy. Foular also sent the queen medicinal spices including pepper, cinnamon, "[[Piper cubeba|cubebarum]]", and "[[Galangal|galiga]]", with glass urinals.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 445, 477.</ref> Margaret went on pilgrimages to [[Whitekirk]] in [[East Lothian]], and to the shrine of [[Adrian of May|Saint Adrian]] on the [[Isle of May]].<ref>John Stuart, ''Records of the Priory of the Isle of May'' (Edinburgh, 1868), p. xlii.</ref> In July 1507, after recovering from a period of ill-health, she went to [[Whithorn]] in [[Dumfries and Galloway|Galloway]], dressed in green velvet and riding on a saddle covered with the pelt of a [[reindeer]], accompanied by her ladies and the court musicians.<ref>[[Norman Macdougall|Macdougall, Norman]], ''James IV'' (Tuckwell: East Linton, 1997), p. 197</ref><ref>[[James Balfour Paul|Paul, James Balfour]] ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. xxxv, 270, 398–407.</ref>

The king named the Scottish warship ''[[Scottish warship Margaret|Margaret]]'' after her. The treaty of 1502, far from being perpetual, barely survived the death of Henry VII in 1509.  His successor, the young Henry VIII, had little time for his father's cautious diplomacy, and was soon heading towards a war with [[France]], Scotland's historic ally. In 1513, James invaded England to honour his commitment to the [[Auld Alliance]], only to meet death and disaster at the [[Battle of Flodden]]. Margaret had opposed the war, but was still named in the royal will as [[regent]] for the infant king, James V, for as long as she remained a widow.