Editing Marduk (section)

=== Old Babylonian period ===
{{Main|Old Babylonian period}}
Under [[Sumu-la-El]], Marduk appeared in oaths and several year names,{{sfn|Sommerfield|1982|p=22}} namely year name 22, which recorded fashioning a throne for Marduk, and year name 24, which recorded making a statue for [[Zarpanitum]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2018|p=71}} Marduk also started to appear in [[Theophoric name|theophoric names]], which would become more frequent in the following decades but would remain rare, appearing in less than 1% of names, although it would grow to 1-2% under [[Hammurabi]].{{sfn|Sommerfield|1987|p=363}} During the reigns of [[Sabium]], [[Apil-Sin]] and [[Sin-muballit]], Marduk started to be mentioned outside of the city of Babylon and was invoked alongside local gods in cities subject to the Babylonian kings.{{sfn|Sommerfield|1982|p=27}} Starting from the reign of Hammurabi, sanctuaries to Marduk were found in other cities.{{sfn|Sommerfield|1987|p=363-364}}

In the Old Babylonian Period, while Marduk is acknowledged to be the ruler of the people,{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=256}} there is no evidence that Hammurabi or his successors promoted Marduk at the expense of other gods.{{sfn|Sommerfield|1987|p=364}} [[Enlil]] was still recognized as the highest authority, and Marduk was far from being the pantheon head,{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=256-258}} instead appearing to be a mediator between the great gods and Hammurabi.{{sfn|Johandi|2018|p=565}} This is also expressed in inscriptions from Hammurabi's successor [[Samsu-iluna]], expressing that he receives Enlil's orders through the other gods, such as [[Ishtar]], [[Zababa]], Shamash and of course Marduk.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=257-258}}

A key development during the Old Babylonian period was the association of Marduk with the pantheon of Eridu. Marduk was syncretized with [[Asalluhi]] in the later half of the Old Babylonian period, and the opening of the [[Code of Hammurabi]] identify Ea as the father of Marduk,{{sfn|Sommerfield|1982|p=13}} a genealogy that would remain canonical. God lists from the Old Babylonian period sometimes place him within the circle of Enki.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=252}} TCL 15 10 lists Asalluhi and Marduk as separate gods, but close together in the list. Lambert suggests that this may be an intrusion by another scribe, and that the editor scribe did so under the belief that Marduk and Asalluhi were the same god.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=252}} Johandi on the other hand suggests that Marduk and Asalluhi were not seen as the same god, but were viewed to be related to one another.{{sfn|Johandi|2019|p=110}} The Nippur God List also lists Asalluhi and Marduk separately, with Marduk appearing seventy names before Asalluhi.{{sfn|Johandi|2019|p=114}} In the [[Weidner god list]], however, it appears that Marduk and Asalluhi were viewed as the same god.{{sfn|Johandi|2019|p=116}}

According to the Marduk prophecy and inscriptions of [[Agum II]], the statue of Marduk and Zarpanitum were removed from Babylon by [[Mursili I]] during his raid on Babylon (middle chronology 1595 BC), which was returned during the reign of Agum II.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2018|p=119}}