Editing Marcus Garvey (section)

===Travels abroad: 1910–1914===

Economic hardship in Jamaica led to growing emigration from the island.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=24}} In mid-1910, Garvey travelled to [[Costa Rica]], where an uncle had secured him employment as a timekeeper on a large banana plantation in the [[Limón Province]] owned by the [[United Fruit Company]] (UFC).{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=14|2a1=Hart|2y=1967|2p=220|3a1=Martin|3y=1983|3p=15|4a1=Grant|4y=2008|4pp=24–25}} Shortly after his arrival, the area experienced strikes and unrest in opposition to the UFC's attempts to cut its workers' wages.{{sfn|Grant|2008|pp=27–28}} Although as a timekeeper he was responsible for overseeing the manual workers, he became increasingly angered at how they were treated.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=29}} In the spring of 1911 he launched a bilingual newspaper, ''Nation''/''La Nación'', which criticized the actions of the UFC and upset many of the dominant strata of Costa Rican society in Limón.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1p=16|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=30}} His coverage of a local fire, in which he questioned the motives of the fire brigade, resulted in his being brought in for police questioning.{{sfn|Grant|2008|pp=30–31}} After his printing press broke, he was unable to replace the faulty part and terminated the newspaper.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=31}}

[[File:British Museum from NE 2 (cropped).JPG|thumb|In London, Garvey spent time in the Reading Room of the [[British Museum]]]]
Garvey then travelled through [[Central America]], undertaking casual work as he made his way through Honduras, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.{{sfnm|1a1=Hart|1y=1967|1p=220|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=31}} While in the port of [[Colón, Panama|Colón]] in Panama, he set up a new newspaper, ''La Prensa'' ("The Press").{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=15|2a1=Hart|2y=1967|2p=220|3a1=Martin|3y=1983|3p=16|4a1=Grant|4y=2008|4p=31}} In 1911, he became seriously ill with a bacterial infection and decided to return to Kingston.{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=15|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=32}} He then decided to travel to London, the heart of the [[British Empire]], in the hope of advancing his informal education. In the spring of 1912 he sailed to England.{{sfnm|1a1=Hart|1y=1967|1p=220|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2pp=34–35}} Renting a room along [[Borough High Street]] in South London,{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=36}} he visited the [[House of Commons]], where he was impressed by the politician [[David Lloyd George]].{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=36}} He also visited [[Speakers' Corner]] in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] and began making speeches there.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1p=19|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=36}} There were only a few thousand black people in London at the time, and they were often viewed as exotic; most worked as labourers.{{sfn|Grant|2008|pp=36–37}} Garvey initially gained piecemeal work labouring in the city's docks.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1p=18|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=38}} In August 1912, his sister Indiana joined him in London, where she worked as a domestic servant.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=45}}

In early 1913, he was employed as a messenger and handyman for the ''[[African Times and Orient Review]]'', a magazine based in [[Fleet Street]] that was edited by [[Dusé Mohamed Ali]].{{sfnm|1a1=Hart|1y=1967|1p=220|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=40|3a1=Hill|3y=2013|3p=53}} The magazine advocated [[Ethiopian nationalism|Ethiopianism]] and [[home rule]] for British-ruled Egypt.{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=40}} In 1914, Mohamed Ali began employing Garvey as a writer for the magazine.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1pp=20|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=43}} Garvey also took several [[evening classes]] in law at [[Birkbeck, University of London|Birkbeck College]] in [[Bloomsbury]].{{sfnm|1a1=Cronon|1y=1955|1p=7|2a1=Martin|2y=1983|2p=19|3a1=Grant|3y=2008|3p=45}} He planned a tour of Europe, spending time in Glasgow, Paris, Monte Carlo, Boulogne, and Madrid.{{sfn|Grant|2008|pp=45–46}}{{Sfn|Grant|2008|p=46}}

Back in London, he wrote an article on Jamaica for the ''Tourist'' magazine,{{sfn|Grant|2008|pp=48–49}} and spent time reading in the library of the [[British Museum]]. There he discovered ''[[Up from Slavery]]'', a book by the African-American entrepreneur and activist [[Booker T. Washington]].{{sfn|Grant|2008|p=49}} Washington's book heavily influenced Garvey.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1pp=25–26|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=49}} Now almost financially destitute and deciding to return to Jamaica, he unsuccessfully asked both the [[Colonial Office]] and the [[Anti-Slavery and Aborigines' Protection Society]] to pay for his journey.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1pp=19, 22|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2pp=47–48|3a1=Hill|3y=2013|3pp=52, 57}} After managing to save the funds for a fare, he boarded the ''[[SS Trent]]'' in June 1914 for a three-week journey across the Atlantic.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1p=22|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=49}} En route home, Garvey talked with an [[Afro-Caribbean]] missionary who had spent time in [[Basutoland]] and taken a Basuto wife. Discovering more about colonial Africa from this man, Garvey began to envision a movement that would politically unify black people of African descent across the world.{{sfnm|1a1=Martin|1y=1983|1pp=26–27|2a1=Grant|2y=2008|2p=52}}