Editing Marcus Aurelius (section)

===Family origins===
The father of Marcus Aurelius was [[Marcus Annius Verus (III)]].<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.45180 | page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.45180/page/n225 439] | quote=Marcus Aurelius Malennius and Numa. |title = The English Cyclopædia: A New Dictionary of Universal Knowledge. Biography| publisher=Bradbury & Evans |last1 = Knight|first1 = Charles|year = 1856}}</ref> His ''gens [[Annia gens|Annia]]'' was of Italic origin, but settled at some point in the small colony of [[Espejo, Córdoba|Ucubi]] (Colonia Claritas Iulia Ucubi) south-east of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] in Iberian [[Baetica]] (modern [[Andalusia]], Spain); the ''gens'' had legendary claims of descendance from [[Numa Pompilius]].<ref name='Sánchez2010'>Sánchez, p. 165.</ref><ref>Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 29; McLynn, ''Marcus Aurelius: Warrior, Philosopher, Emperor'', p. 14.</ref> The ''Annii Veri'' rose to prominence in Rome in the late 1st century AD. Marcus's great-grandfather Marcus Annius Verus (I) was a [[Roman Senate|senator]] and (according to the ''Historia Augusta'') ex-[[praetor]]; his grandfather [[Marcus Annius Verus (II)]] was made [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] in 73–74.<ref>''HA Marcus'' i. 2, 4; Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 28; McLynn, ''Marcus Aurelius: A Life'', p. 14.</ref> Through his grandmother [[Rupilia Faustina]], Marcus was related to the [[Nerva-Antonine dynasty]]; Rupilla was the step-daughter of [[Salonia Matidia]], who was the niece of the emperor [[Trajan]].<ref>Giacosa, p. 8.</ref><ref>Levick, pp. 161, 163.</ref>{{refn|Dio asserts that the Annii were near-kin of Hadrian, and that it was to these familial ties that they owed their rise to power.<ref>Dio 69.21.2, 71.35.2–3; Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 31.</ref> The precise nature of these kinship ties is nowhere stated, but is believed that [[Rupilia Faustina]] was the daughter of the consular senator [[Libo Rupilius Frugi]] and [[Vitellia (daughter of emperor Vitellius)|Vitellia]], daughter of emperor [[Vitellius]].<ref>[http://www.strachan.dk/family/rupilius.htm Rupilius] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214130401/http://www.strachan.dk/family/rupilius.htm |date=14 December 2022 }}. Strachan stemma.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale: mythe et réalité |last=Settipani |first=Christian |publisher=Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, University of Oxford |year=2000 |isbn=978-1900934022 |pages=278 |language=It |edition=illustrated |series=Prosopographica et genealogica |volume=2}}</ref><ref>''Codex Inscriptionum Latinarum'' 14.3579 {{Cite web |url=http://oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/epigr/epieinzel_en?p_belegstelle=CIL+14,+03579&r_sortierung=Belegstelle |title=Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss/Slaby |access-date=15 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429224027/http://oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/epigr/epieinzel_en?p_belegstelle=CIL+14,+03579&r_sortierung=Belegstelle |archive-date=29 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}; Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 29; McLynn, ''Marcus Aurelius: Warrior, Philosopher, Emperor'', pp. 14, 575 n. 53, citing Ronald Syme, ''Roman Papers'' 1.244.</ref>|group=note}}

Marcus's mother, [[Domitia Lucilla Minor]] (also known as Domitia Calvilla), was the daughter of the Roman patrician P. Calvisius Tullus and inherited a great fortune (described at length in one of [[Pliny the Younger|Pliny]]'s letters) from her parents and grandparents. Her inheritance included large brickworks on the outskirts of Rome – a profitable enterprise in an era when the city was experiencing a construction boom – and the ''Horti Domitia Calvillae'' (or ''Lucillae''), a villa on the [[Caelian hill]] of Rome.<ref>Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 29, citing Pliny, ''Epistulae'' 8.18.</ref><ref>Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 30.</ref> Marcus himself was born and raised in the ''Horti'' and referred to the Caelian hill as 'My Caelian'.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/fronto.html | title=M. Cornelius Fronto: Epistulae | access-date=28 April 2019 | archive-date=15 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415121534/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/fronto.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/newtopographical0000rich | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/newtopographical0000rich/page/198 198] | quote=horti domizia lucilla. |title = A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome| publisher=JHU Press |isbn = 978-0801843006|last1 = l. Richardson|first1 = jr|last2 = Richardson|first2 = Professor of Latin (Emeritus) L.|date = October 1992}}</ref><ref>''Ad Marcum Caesarem'' ii. 8.2 (= Haines 1.142), qtd. and tr. Birley, ''Marcus Aurelius'', p. 31.</ref>

The adoptive family of Marcus was the [[gens Aurelia]], an old Roman gens.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 436 ("[[s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Aurelia gens|Aurelia Gens]]").</ref> His adoptive father [[Antoninus Pius]] came from the Aurelii Fulvi, a branch of the Aurelii settled in the colony of Nemausus in [[Roman Gaul]].<ref>Bury, p. 523.</ref>
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