Editing Manufacturing (section)

===Medieval and early modern===
[[File:Stocking Frame.jpg|thumb|A stocking frame at Ruddington Framework Knitters' Museum in [[Ruddington]], England]]
The [[Middle Ages]] witnessed new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. [[Papermaking]], a 2nd-century Chinese technology, was carried to the Middle East when a group of Chinese papermakers were captured in the 8th century.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191735516.timeline.0001 | chapter=Timeline: 8th century | isbn=978-0191735516 | title=8th century | access-date=July 15, 2021 | archive-date=August 25, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825213937/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191735516.timeline.0001 | url-status=live }}</ref> Papermaking technology was spread to [[Europe]] by the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Safita |first=Neathery |date=July 2002 |title=A Brief History Of Paper. |url=http://users.stlcc.edu/nfuller/paper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822144311/http://users.stlcc.edu/nfuller/paper/ |archive-date=August 22, 2018 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=[[St. Louis Community College]]}}</ref> A paper mill was established in Sicily in the 12th century. In Europe the fiber to make pulp for making paper was obtained from linen and cotton rags. [[Lynn Townsend White Jr.]] credited the spinning wheel with increasing the supply of rags, which led to cheap paper, which was a factor in the development of printing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marchetti |first=Cesare |year=1978 |title=A Postmortem Technology Assessment of the Spinning Wheel: The Last 1000 Years, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 13; pp. 91–93 |url=http://www.cesaremarchetti.org/archive/scan/MARCHETTI-079.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502152013/http://www.cesaremarchetti.org/archive/scan/MARCHETTI-079.pdf |archive-date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |journal=Technological Forecasting and Social Change }}</ref> Due to the casting of cannon, the [[blast furnace]] came into widespread use in France in the mid 15th century. The blast furnace had been used in China since the 4th century BC.<ref name="Tylecote_1992" /> The [[stocking frame]], which was invented in 1598, increased a knitter's number of knots per minute from 100 to 1000.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosen |first=William |title=The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry and Invention |publisher=University Of Chicago Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-226-72634-2 |page=237}}</ref>