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===Light sources=== Apart from sunlight, the only light sources available at the time of invention in the 17th century were candles and oil lamps, which were very inefficient and produced very dim projected images. The invention of the [[Argand lamp]] in the 1790s helped to make the images brighter. The invention of [[limelight]] in the 1820s made them even brighter, emitting about 6000-8000 [[Lumen (unit)|lumens]].<ref>[https://www.canon-europe.com/view/laterna-magica/ Laterna Magica β the simple device that changed the way we view the world]</ref> The invention of the intensely bright electric [[arc lamp]] in the 1860s eliminated the need for combustible gases or hazardous chemicals, and eventually the incandescent electric lamp further improved safety and convenience, although not brightness.<ref name="ReferenceB">Waddington, Damer. "Introduction". Panoramas, Magic Lanterns and Cinemas. Channel Islands, NJ: Tocan Books. xiii-xv. Print.</ref>
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