Editing MOS Technology 6502 (section)

===MOS Technology===
[[File:MOS Technology ad April 26 1973.jpg|thumb|A 1973 MOS Technology advertisement highlighting their custom integrated circuit capabilities]]
[[File:6501chip.jpg|thumb|MOS Technology MCS6501, in white ceramic package, made in late August 1975]]
Peddle began looking outside Motorola for a source of funding for this new project. He initially approached [[Mostek]] CEO [[L. J. Sevin]], but was declined. Sevin later admitted this was because he was afraid Motorola would sue them.{{sfn|Interview|2014|loc=56:30}}

While Peddle was visiting [[Ford Motor Company]] on one of his sales trips, Bob Johnson, later head of Ford's engine automation division, mentioned that their former colleague John Paivinen had moved to [[General Instrument]] and taught himself semiconductor design.{{sfn|Interview|2014|loc=55:00}} Paivinen then formed [[MOS Technology]] in [[Valley Forge, Pennsylvania]] in 1969 with two other executives from General Instrument, Mort Jaffe and Don McLaughlin. [[Allen-Bradley]], a supplier of electronic components and industrial controls, acquired a majority interest in 1970.<ref>Bagnall (2010), p. 13.</ref> The company designed and fabricated custom ICs for customers and had developed a line of calculator chips.<ref name="MOS Technology ad Nov 1974">{{Cite journal |last=MOS Technology |title=The First Single Chip Scientific Calculator Arrays. |journal=Electronics |volume=47 |issue=23 |pages=90–91 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |date=November 14, 1974 |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOS_Technology_Calculator_Chip_Ad_1974.jpg |access-date=June 4, 2012 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110192747/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOS_Technology_Calculator_Chip_Ad_1974.jpg |url-status=live}}</ref>

After the Mostek efforts fell through, Peddle approached Paivinen, who "immediately got it".{{sfn|Interview|2014|loc=57:00}} On 19 August 1974, Chuck Peddle, Bill Mensch, Rod Orgill, Harry Bawcom, Ray Hirt, Terry Holdt, and Wil Mathys left Motorola to join MOS. Mike Janes joined later. Of the seventeen chip designers and layout people on the 6800 team, eight left. The goal of the team was to design and produce a low-cost microprocessor for embedded applications and to target as wide as possible a customer base. This would be possible only if the microprocessor was low cost, and the team set the price goal for volume purchases at {{US$|long=no|5}}.{{sfn|Interview|2014|loc=58:30}} Mensch later stated the goal was not the processor price itself, but to create a set of chips that could sell at {{US$|long=no|20}} to compete with the recently introduced [[Intel 4040]] that sold for {{US$|long=no|29}} in a similar complete chipset.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/q-a-with-co-creator-of-the-6502-processor |title=Q&A With Co-Creator of the 6502 Processor |first=Stephen |last=Cass |date=16 September 2021 |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920212955/https://spectrum.ieee.org/q-a-with-co-creator-of-the-6502-processor |url-status=live}}</ref>

Chips are produced by printing multiple copies of the chip design on the surface of a [[wafer (electronics)|wafer]], a thin disk of highly pure silicon. Smaller chips can be printed in greater numbers on the same wafer, decreasing their relative price. Additionally, wafers always include some number of tiny physical defects that are scattered across the surface. Any chip printed in that location will fail and has to be discarded. Smaller chips mean any single copy is less likely to be printed on a defect. For both of these reasons, the cost of the final product is strongly dependent on the size of the chip design.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/8223/an-introduction-to-semiconductor-physics-technology-and-industry/3 |website=Anandtech |title=An Introduction to Semiconductor Physics, Technology, and Industry |first=Joshua |last=Ho |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224143352/https://www.anandtech.com/show/8223/an-introduction-to-semiconductor-physics-technology-and-industry/3 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The original 6800 chips were intended to be {{Convert|180|×|180|mil|lk=in}}, but layout was completed at {{Convert|212|×|212|mil}}, or an area of {{val|29.0|u=mm2}}.<ref>Motorola 6800 Oral History (2008), p. 10.</ref> For the new design, the cost goal demanded a size goal of {{Convert|153|×|168|mil}}, or an area of {{val|16.6|u=mm2}}.{{sfn|Cushman|1975|p=40}} Several new techniques would be needed to hit this goal.