Editing Māori language (section)

== History ==
===Origins===
[[File:First Lessons in the Maori Language, title page 1862.jpeg|thumb|"First Lessons in the Maori Language", 1862,<br />by [[Leonard Williams (bishop)|W. L. Williams]], third [[Anglican Diocese of Waiapu|Bishop of Waiapu]]]]
According to [[Māori  mythology|legend]], Māori came to New Zealand from [[Hawaiki]]. Current anthropological thinking places their origin in eastern [[Polynesia]], mostly likely from the [[Southern Cook Islands|Southern Cook]] or [[Society Islands]] region (see {{Slink|Māori history|Origins from Polynesia}}), and says that they arrived by deliberate [[Māori migration canoes|voyages in seagoing canoes]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first1=K. R. |last1=Howe |title=Ideas of Māori origins{{snd}} 1920s{{ndash}}2000: new understandings |encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=4 March 2009 |page=5 |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/ideas-about-maori-origins/page-5}}</ref> possibly double-hulled, and probably sail-rigged. These settlers probably arrived by AD 1350 at the latest.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Walters | first1=Richard | last2=Buckley | first2=Hallie|last3=Jacomb|first3=Chris|last4=Matisoo-Smith |first4=Elizabeth| title=Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|volume=30| issue=4 |pages=351–376|doi=10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y|date=7 October 2017|doi-access=free}}</ref> 

Māori evolved in isolation from other [[Polynesian languages]]. Six dialectal variations emerged among [[iwi]] due to geographical separation.<ref name="Te Reo English">{{cite journal |last1=Reese |first1=Elaine |last2=Keegan |first2=Peter |last3=Mcnaughton |first3=Stuart |last4=Kingi |first4=Te Kani |last5=Carr |first5=Polly Atatoa |last6=Schmidt |first6=Johanna |last7=Mohal |first7=Jatender |last8=Grant |first8=Cameron |last9=Morton |first9=Susan |title=Te Reo Māori: indigenous language acquisition in the context of New Zealand English |journal=Journal of Child Language |date=March 2018 |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=340–367 |doi=10.1017/S0305000917000241|doi-access=free |pmid=28679455 }}</ref> The language had no written form, but historian Sarah J. K. Gallagher has argued that [[tā moko]], the indigenous art of tattooing, is arguably "a pre-European textual culture in New Zealand... as the Moko can be read, it can be accepted as a form of communication".<ref>{{Cite web |title='A Curious Document': Ta Moko as Evidence of Pre-European Textual Culture in New Zealand {{!}} NZETC |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-GalCuri.html |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=nzetc.victoria.ac.nz}}</ref> The idea that tā moko is a written language of sorts has been discussed before.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Ta moko important expression of culture |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/ta-moko-important-expression-of-culture/QSCYSWUNXXBG7L3KQ4RKEIUTNY/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |language=en-NZ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tā Moko Now, Tā Moko Forever |url=http://www.critic.co.nz/features/article/10384/t257-moko-now-t257-moko-forever |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Critic – Te Ārohi}}</ref>

Since its origin, the Māori language has been rich in metaphorical poetry and prose.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> Forms of this include [[karakia]], [[Whakapapa|whaikōrero]], [[whakapapa]] and [[Karanga (Māori culture)|karanga]], and in [[performing arts]] such as [[Māori music#Mōteatea|mōteatea]], [[Māori music|waiata]] and [[haka]].<ref name=":10" /> Karakia are Māori [[incantation]]s used to invoke spiritual guidance and protection, and are used before eating or gathering, to increase spiritual goodwill and to declare things officially open.<ref name="Otago">"[https://www.otago.ac.nz/maori/world/te-reo-maori/karakia-prayers/index.html Karakia]", Otago University website. Retrieved 23 July 2019.</ref> Whaikōrero is the term given to traditional oratory given on [[marae]], and whakapapa is the story of one's ancestry. According to historian [[Atholl Anderson]], whakapapa used "mnemonic devices, repetitive patterns [and] rhyme" to leave a lasting impression. "Casting knowledge in formulaic or other standarised story forms.. helped to fix the information in the minds of speakers and listeners".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anderson |display-authors=et al. |first=Atholl |title=Tangata Whenua |date=Nov 2015 |publisher=Bridget Williams Books |isbn=9780908321537 |edition=1st |location=Auckland |publication-date=Nov 2015 |pages=47,48 |language=English}}</ref>

=== European contact ===
Through the nineteenth century, the Māori language had a tumultuous history. It started this period as the predominant language of New Zealand, and it was adopted by European traders and missionaries for their purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coffey |first=Clare |title=Demand For Māori Language Skills at Work Rises in New Zealand |url=https://lightcast.io/resources/blog/demand-for-maori-language-skills-at-work-rises-in-new-zealand |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Lightcast |language=en}}</ref> 

Missionaries learned to speak Māori, and introduced the Latin alphabet to Māori. The [[Church Mission Society]] (CMS), including [[Thomas Kendall]]; Māori, including [[Tītore]] and [[Hongi Hika]]; and [[Cambridge University]]'s [[Samuel Lee (linguist)|Samuel Lee]], developed the written form of the language between 1817 and 1830. In 1833, while living in the [[Paihia]] mission-house of [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest and the now head of the [[New Zealand Church Missionary Society|New Zealand CMS]] mission, Rev [[Henry Williams (missionary)|Henry Williams]], missioner [[William Colenso]] published Māori translations including parts of books of the [[Bible]], the first books printed in New Zealand. Colenso's 1837 Māori New Testament was the first [[Bible translations into Oceanic languages|indigenous-language translation of the Bible]] published in the southern hemisphere. Demand for the Māori New Testament, and for the Prayer Book that followed, grew exponentially, as did Christian Māori [[leadership]] and public Christian services, with 33,000 Māori soon attending regularly. Literacy and understanding the Bible increased {{lang|mi|[[Mana (Oceanian mythology)|mana]]}} and social and economic benefits.<ref name="B&T I">{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Keith |title=Bible & Treaty, Missionaries among the Māori – a new perspective |year = 2010 |orig-year = 2010 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0143204084|pages=20–116}}</ref> Worship took place in Māori; it functioned as the language of Māori homes; Māori politicians conducted political meetings in Māori; and some literature appeared in Māori, along with many newspapers.<ref name="history">{{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/maori-language-week/history-of-the-maori-language |title=History of the Māori Language |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |date=10 October 2017 |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406153541/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/maori-language-week/history-of-the-maori-language |url-status=live }}</ref> Before 1880, some Māori parliamentarians suffered disadvantages because parliamentary proceedings took place in English.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 July 2014 |title=Māori MPs |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/parliaments-people/maori-mps |access-date=22 September 2019 |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922120459/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/parliaments-people/maori-mps |url-status=live }}</ref> However, by 1900, all Māori members of parliament, such as [[Āpirana Ngata]], were university graduates who spoke fluent English.<ref name="Te Reo English"/>

=== Suppression and decline ===
As early as 1847, English was set as the predominant language of schooling by the Education Ordinance Act; individual schools began to ban the use of Māori, though this was not yet a nationwide policy.<ref name="rnz-petition">{{cite news|last=Tahana|first=Jamie|title=Remembering the Māori Language Petition and the revival of te reo Māori|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/474655/remembering-the-maori-language-petition-and-the-revival-of-te-reo-maori|publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=13 September 2022|access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref> The [[Native Schools Act 1867]] established a schooling system for Māori children, who were to be taught in English whenever possible.<ref name="nzlii-1867">{{Cite web |title=Native Schools Act 1867 (31 Victoriae 1867 No 41) |url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/nsa186731v1867n41290/ |access-date=14 March 2024|website=New Zealand Legal Information Institute}}</ref> This was followed in 1880 by the Native Schools Code, which placed further restrictions on the use of Māori, establishing the expectation that teachers would have some knowledge of the language solely for the purpose of teaching English to younger pupils. Further restrictions on Māori followed, to the point that in the early twentieth century, children were forbidden to speak it in the classroom or playground, under penalty of [[corporal punishment]].<ref name="ka'ai-mahuta">{{cite journal|last=Ka'ai-Mahuta|first=Rachael|journal=Te Kaharoa|volume=4|issue=1|year=2011|title=The impact of colonisation on te reo Māori: a critical review of the state education system|issn=1178-6035|doi=10.24135/tekaharoa.v4i1.117}}</ref> In recent years, prominent Māori have spoken with sadness about their experiences or experiences of their family members being caned, strapped or beaten in school.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 September 2015 |title='I was beaten until I bled' |work=[[RNZ]] |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/282955/%27i-was-beaten-until-i-bled%27 |access-date=3 January 2021 |archive-date=22 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222211726/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/282955/%27i-was-beaten-until-i-bled%27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Compulsory classes will help right the wrong after Te Reo Māori 'beaten' out of school children a generation ago – Sir Pita Sharples |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2018/09/09/compulsory-classes-will-help-right-the-wrong-after-te-reo-maori-beaten-out-of-school-children-a-generation-ago-sir-pita-sharples/ |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=1 News |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061640/https://www.1news.co.nz/2018/09/09/compulsory-classes-will-help-right-the-wrong-after-te-reo-maori-beaten-out-of-school-children-a-generation-ago-sir-pita-sharples/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-McLay |first=Charlotte |date=12 September 2022 |title=As Māori language use grows in New Zealand, the challenge is to match deeds to words |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/12/as-maori-language-use-grows-in-new-zealand-the-challenge-is-to-match-deeds-to-words |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061641/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/12/as-maori-language-use-grows-in-new-zealand-the-challenge-is-to-match-deeds-to-words |archive-date=24 November 2022 |access-date=24 November 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref>

In many cases these policies were accepted or even encouraged by parents who wanted their children to succeed in the Pākehā world around them;<ref name="Calman2">{{Cite web |last=Calman |first=Ross |title=Māori education{{snd}} mātauranga{{snd}} The native schools system, 1867 to 1969 |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416145535/https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-3 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=16 March 2021 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |publisher=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu |page=3}}</ref> however, it remained government policy to educate Māori in manual trades rather than academic professions until the mid-twentieth century.<ref name="auditor-general">{{cite web|last=Provost|first=Lyn|title=Education for Māori: Context for our proposed audit work until 2017 {{!}} Part 3: Historical and current context for Māori education|url=https://oag.parliament.nz/2012/education-for-maori/part3.htm|publisher=Office of the Auditor-General|date=6 August 2012|access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref> Proposals in 1930 to introduce Māori to the curriculum were blocked on the grounds that the purpose of education was to "lead the Māori lad to be a good farmer and the Māori girl to be a good farmer's wife".<ref name="auditor-general" />

Most Māori people continued to speak Māori as their first language until [[World War II]]. The number of speakers of Māori began to decline rapidly with the migration of Māori to urban areas after the war (the [[urban Māori]]).<ref name="history" /> By the 1980s, fewer than 20 per cent of Māori spoke the language well enough to be classed as native speakers. Even many of those people no longer spoke Māori in their homes. As a result, many Māori children failed to learn their ancestral language, and generations of non-Māori-speaking Māori emerged.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2015 |title=Rosina Wiparata: A Legacy of Māori Language Education |language=en-US |work=The Forever Years |url=https://theforeveryears.wordpress.com/2015/02/23/rosina-wiparata-a-legacy-of-maori-language-education/ |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115144138/https://theforeveryears.wordpress.com/2015/02/23/rosina-wiparata-a-legacy-of-maori-language-education/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1984, [[Naida Glavish]], a [[Switchboard operator|tolls operator]], was demoted for using the Māori greeting "{{Lang|mi|[[kia ora]]}}" with customers. The "[[Kia Ora Incident]]" was the subject of public and political scrutiny before having her job reinstated by Prime Minister [[Robert Muldoon]], and became a major symbol of long-standing [[linguicism]] in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hayden |first1=Leonie |date=7 August 2019 |title=The Kia Ora Lady: Dame Rangimārie Naida Glavish in her own words |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/atea/07-08-2019/the-kia-ora-lady-dame-rangimarie-naida-glavish-in-her-own-words |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=[[The Spinoff]]}}</ref>

=== Revitalisation efforts ===
{{Main|Māori language revival}}
[[File:He Taonga te Reo.jpg|alt=the words on the poster include "He Taonga Te Reo" – a celebration of Maori Language poster, Wellington Public Library. It has a colourful green and blue graphic and in the centre drawings of people reading, listening to headphones and on a computer. Small drawings of things representing weaving and carving, the natural world (example an octopus, kōwhai flowers), music, sport, travel.  |thumb|He Taonga Te Reo – a celebration of Maori Language poster, Wellington Public Library (1995)]]
By the 1950s some Māori leaders had begun to recognise the dangers of the loss of {{Lang|Mi|te reo Māori}}.<ref name=":6">{{Citation |last=Harris |first=Aroha |title=Te Ao Hurihuri: The Changing World |date=2015 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7810/9780908321537_3 |work=Tangata Whenua: A History |publisher=Bridget Williams Books |doi=10.7810/9780908321537 |isbn=9780908321537 |access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref> By the 1970s there were many strategies used to save the language.<ref name=":6" /> This included Māori-language revitalization programs such as the [[Māori language revival#Kōhanga Reo|Kōhanga Reo]] movement, which from 1982 immersed infants in Māori from infancy to school age.<ref name=":2" /> There followed in 1985 the founding of the first [[Kura Kaupapa Māori]] (Years 1 to 8 Māori-medium education programme) and later the first Wharekura (Years 9 to 13 Māori-medium education programme). In 2011 it was reported that although "there was a true revival of te reo in the 1980s and early to mid-1990s&nbsp;... spurred on by the realisation of how few speakers were left, and by the relative abundance of older fluent speakers in both urban neighbourhoods and rural communities", the language has continued to decline."<ref name=":2">{{cite book |publisher= Waitangi Tribunal |date=2011 |isbn=978-1-869563-01-1 |title=Ko Aotearoa tēnei: A report into claims concerning New Zealand law and policy affecting Māori culture and identity – Te taumata tuarua |location= Wellington, New Zealand |id= Wai 262 |url= https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_68356606/KoAotearoaTeneiTT2Vol2W.pdf |access-date= 5 October 2021 |archive-date= 5 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211005111025/https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_68356606/KoAotearoaTeneiTT2Vol2W.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> The decline is believed "to have several underlying causes".<ref name="Waitangi Tribunal 2011, p. 440">Waitangi Tribunal (2011, p. 440).</ref> These include:

* the ongoing loss of older native speakers who have spearheaded the [[Māori language revival|Māori-language revival]] movement
* complacency brought about by the very existence of the institutions which drove the revival
* concerns about quality, with the supply of good teachers never matching demand (even while that demand has been shrinking)
* excessive regulation and centralised control, which has alienated some of those involved in the movement
* an ongoing lack of educational resources needed to teach the full curriculum in {{Lang|Mi|te reo Māori}}<ref name="Waitangi Tribunal 2011, p. 440" />
* natural [[language attrition]] caused by the overwhelming increase of spoken English.

Based on the principles of partnership, Māori-speaking government, general revitalisation and dialectal protective policy, and adequate resourcing, the [[Waitangi Tribunal]] has recommended "four fundamental changes":<ref>Waitangi Tribunal (2011, p. 470).</ref>

# [[Māori Language Commission|Te Taura Whiri]] (the Māori Language Commission) should become the lead Māori language sector agency. This will address the problems caused by the lack of ownership and leadership identified by the Office of the Auditor-General.<ref>{{cite web |date= 2017 |title= Controller and Auditor-General |url= https://www.oag.govt.nz/about-us |work= Office of the Auditor-General |location= [[Wellington]], New Zealand |access-date= 3 December 2017 |archive-date= 4 December 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114605/https://www.oag.govt.nz/about-us |url-status= live }}</ref>
# Te Taura Whiri should function as a Crown–Māori partnership through the equal appointment of Crown and Māori appointees to its board. This reflects [the Tribunal's] concern that te reo revival will not work if responsibility for setting the direction is not shared with Māori.
# Te Taura Whiri will also need increased powers. This will ensure that public bodies are compelled to contribute to {{lang|mi|te reo}}'s revival and that key agencies are held properly accountable for the strategies they adopt. For instance, targets for the training of te reo teachers must be met, education curricula involving te reo must be approved, and public bodies in districts with a sufficient number and/or proportion of ''te reo'' speakers and schools with a certain proportion of Māori students must submit Māori language plans for approval.
# These regional public bodies and schools must also consult [[iwi]] (Māori tribes or tribal confederations) in the preparation of their plans. In this way, iwi will come to have a central role in the revitalisation of ''te reo'' in their own areas. This should encourage efforts to promote the language at the grassroots.<ref>Waitangi Tribunal (2011, p. 471).</ref>
The changes set forth by the Tribunal are merely recommendations; they are not binding upon government.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/about/intro.asp|title=Waitangi Tribunal|website=waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz|access-date=9 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114021711/http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/about/intro.asp|archive-date=14 November 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Bastion Point Maori Land Rights copy.jpg|thumb|[[Bastion Point]] land rights activists with Māori-language signs]]
There is, however, evidence that the revitalisation efforts are taking hold, as can be seen in the teaching of {{lang|mi|te reo}} in the school curriculum, the use of Māori as an instructional language, and the supportive ideologies surrounding these efforts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Albury|first=Nathan John|date=2 October 2015|title=Collective (white) memories of Māori language loss (or not)|journal=Language Awareness|volume=24|issue=4|pages=303–315|doi=10.1080/09658416.2015.1111899|s2cid=146532249|issn=0965-8416}}</ref> In 2014, a survey of students ranging in age from 18 to 24 was conducted; the students were of mixed ethnic backgrounds, ranging from {{lang|mi|[[Pākehā]]}} to Māori who lived in New Zealand. This survey showed a 62% response saying that {{lang|mi|te reo Māori}} was at risk.<ref name=":0" /> Albury argues that these results come from the language either not being used enough in common discourse, or from the fact that the number of speakers was inadequate for future language development.<ref name=":0" />

The policies for language revitalisation have been changing in attempts to improve Māori language use and have been working with suggestions from the Waitangi Tribunal on the best ways to implement the revitalisation. The Waitangi Tribunal in 2011 identified a suggestion for language revitalisation that would shift indigenous policies from the central government to the preferences and ideologies of the Māori people.<ref name=":1" /> This change recognises the issue of Māori revitalisation as one of indigenous self-determination, instead of the job of the government to identify what would be best for the language and Māori people of New Zealand.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Albury|first=Nathan John|date=2 April 2016|title=An old problem with new directions: Māori language revitalisation and the policy ideas of youth|journal=Current Issues in Language Planning|volume=17|issue=2|pages=161–178|doi=10.1080/14664208.2016.1147117|s2cid=147076237|issn=1466-4208}}</ref>
[[File:Broadwood Area School2.JPG|thumb|Bilingual sign in [[Broadwood, New Zealand|Broadwood, Northland]]]]

===Revival since 2015===

Beginning in about 2015, the Māori language underwent a revival as it became increasingly popular, as a common national heritage and shared cultural identity, even among New Zealanders without Māori roots. Surveys from 2018 indicated that "the Māori language currently enjoys a high status in Māori society and also positive acceptance by the majority of non-Māori New Zealanders".<ref name="The Guardian 28 July 2018">{{cite news | last1 = Roy | first1 = Eleanor Ainge | title = Google and Disney join rush to cash in as Māori goes mainstream | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/28/google-disney-maori-new-zealand | access-date = 28 July 2018 | work =[[The Guardian]] | date = 28 July 2018 | quote = John McCaffery, a language expert at the University of Auckland school of education, says the language is thriving, with other indigenous peoples travelling to New Zealand to learn how Māori has made such a striking comeback. 'It has been really dramatic, the past three years in particular, Māori has gone mainstream,' he said. | archive-date = 28 July 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180728183511/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/28/google-disney-maori-new-zealand | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Graham-McLay |first=Charlotte |date=16 September 2018 |title=Maori Language, Once Shunned, Is Having a Renaissance in New Zealand |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/world/asia/new-zealand-maori-language.html |access-date=7 November 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107212035/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/world/asia/new-zealand-maori-language.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As the status and prestige of the language rose, so did the demand for language classes. Businesses, including Google, Microsoft, [[Vodafone New Zealand|Vodafone NZ]] and [[Fletcher Building]], were quick to adopt the trend as it became apparent that using {{lang|mi|te reo}} made customers think of a company as "committed to New Zealand". The language became increasingly heard in the media and in politics. Prime Minister [[Jacinda Ardern]]—who gave her daughter a Māori middle name, and said she would learn both Māori and English—made headlines when she toasted Commonwealth leaders in 2018 with a Māori proverb, and the success of Māori musical groups such as [[Alien Weaponry]] and [[Maimoa]] further increased the language's presence in social media.<ref name="The Guardian 28 July 2018" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=In New Zealand, 'Hello' Has Become 'Kia Ora.' Will That Save the Māori Language? |url=https://time.com/5922833/new-zealand-maori-language/ |access-date=7 November 2022 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> Since 2017, a selected number of [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] movies have received a [[dubbing]] in Māori,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Encanto Reo Māori hits cinemas as Te Wiki o te Reo Māori starts|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/culture/350408690/encanto-reo-maori-hits-cinemas-te-wiki-o-te-reo-maori-starts |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=www.stuff.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matewa Media |url=https://www.matewamedia.nz/ |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Matewa Media |language=en-NZ}}</ref> the first having been ''[[Moana (2016 film)|Moana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Moana in Māori hits the big screen |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/339186/moana-in-maori-hits-the-big-screen |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809031526/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/339186/moana-in-maori-hits-the-big-screen |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2017, [[Rotorua]] became the first city in New Zealand to declare itself as [[bilingual]] in the Māori and English languages, meaning that both languages would be promoted. In 2019, the New Zealand government launched the ''Maihi Karauna'' Māori language revitalisation strategy with a goal of 1 million people speaking {{Lang|Mi|te reo Māori}} by 2040.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2019 |title=Plan to have 1 million people speaking te reo Māori by 2040 |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/383063/plan-to-have-1-million-people-speaking-te-reo-maori-by-2040 |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107220144/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/383063/plan-to-have-1-million-people-speaking-te-reo-maori-by-2040 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maihi Karauna |url=http://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/a-matou-whakaarotau/te-ao-maori/maihi-karauna/ |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=www.tpk.govt.nz |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110195926/https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/a-matou-whakaarotau/te-ao-maori/maihi-karauna |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in 2019, [[Kotahi Rau Pukapuka Trust]] and [[Auckland University Press]] began work on publishing a sizeable library of local and international literature in the language, including the [[Harry Potter]] books.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harry Potter to be translated into te reo Māori |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/books/116479795/harry-potter-to-be-translated-into-te-reo-mori |access-date=10 December 2019 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208154803/https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/books/116479795/harry-potter-to-be-translated-into-te-reo-mori |url-status=live }}</ref>

Some New Zealanders have pushed against the revival, debating the replacement of English-language place names with original Māori names, criticising a police car having Māori language and graphics, and complaining about {{Lang|Mi|te reo Māori}} being used by broadcasters.<ref name=":5" /> In March 2021, the [[Broadcasting Standards Authority]] (BSA) said it would no longer entertain complaints regarding the use of the Māori language in broadcasts. This followed a fivefold increase in complaints to the BSA. The use of Māori in itself does not breach any broadcasting standards.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 March 2021|title=BSA signals end to te reo Māori complaints|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/437991/bsa-signals-end-to-te-reo-maori-complaints|access-date=25 March 2021|website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz|archive-date=15 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315204527/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/437991/bsa-signals-end-to-te-reo-maori-complaints|url-status=live}}</ref>