Editing Lysosome (section)

== Formation ==
[[File:Phagocytosis.svg|alt=|thumb|Process of phagocytosis: 1. A particle is ingested by a phagocyte after antigens are recognized which results in the formation of a phagosome. 2. The fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome creates a phagolysosome. The particle is broken down by the digestive enzymes found in the lysosomes.]]
The formation of lysosomes begins in the endoplasmic reticulum, where hydrolytic enzymes are synthesized. These enzymes are then transported to the Golgi apparatus (Golgi body), where they undergo modifications to ensure proper targeting and function. The enzymes are tagged with mannose-6-phosphate,<ref name="Coutinho Mannose-6-phosphate pathway">{{cite journal |last1=Coutinho |first1=Maria Francisca |last2=Prata |first2=Maria João |last3=Alves |first3=Sandra |title=Mannose-6-phosphate pathway: A review on its role in lysosomal function and dysfunction |journal=Molecular Genetics and Metabolism |date=April 2012 |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=542–550 |doi=10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.12.012 |pmid=22266136 }}</ref> allowing them to be sorted into vesicles. These vesicles then bud off from the trans-Golgi network and fuse with early endosomes.<ref name="Coutinho Mannose-6-phosphate pathway"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Luzio |first1=J. P. |last2=Hackmann |first2=Y. |last3=Dieckmann |first3=N. M. G. |last4=Griffiths |first4=G. M. |title=The Biogenesis of Lysosomes and Lysosome-Related Organelles |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology |date=September 2014 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=a016840 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a016840 |pmc=4142962 |pmid=25183830 }}</ref>

Early endosomes degrade cargo from the extracellular environment, and as they mature into late endosomes, proton pumps are activated, causing the internal environment to become acidic. This acidic environment activates the hydrolytic enzymes, which further mature the endosome into a lysosome.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Jenny A. |last2=Yates |first2=Robin M. |title=Better Together: Current Insights Into Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion |journal=Frontiers in Immunology |date=25 February 2021 |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2021.636078 |doi-access=free |pmc=7946854 |pmid=33717183 }}</ref> The lysosome then breaks down and recycles cellular waste.<ref name="Kaur Early Endosome Morphology">{{cite book |last1=Kaur |first1=Gulpreet |last2=Lakkaraju |first2=Aparna |chapter=Early Endosome Morphology in Health and Disease |title=Retinal Degenerative Diseases |series=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology |date=2018 |volume=1074 |pages=335–343 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_41 |pmc=6563932 |pmid=29721961 |isbn=978-3-319-75401-7 }}</ref>

Disruptions in lysosomal formation can lead to dysfunctional lysosomes and the accumulation of undigested molecules, contributing to various lysosomal storage disorders.<ref name="Kaur Early Endosome Morphology"/>