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=== Post-Civil War recovery === The railroads that had driven Lynchburg's economy were destroyed by the war's end. The residents of the city deeply resented occupying forces under General [[John Irvin Gregg]], and worked more readily with his affable successor General [[Newton Martin Curtis]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} [[Thomas J. Kirkpatrick]] became superintendent for the public education established under Virginia's Reconstruction-era legislature and Constitution of 1869, and built four new public schools. Previously, the only education for students from poor families was provided through [[St. Paul's Church (Lynchburg, Virginia)|St. Paul's Episcopal Church]]. Floods in 1870 and 1877 destroyed the city's bridges (which were rebuilt) and the James River and Kanahwa Canal (which was not rebuilt). The towpath was used as the bed for laying the rails of the [[Richmond and Allegheny Railroad]], a project conceived five decades earlier. The city limits expanded in 1874. In 1881 that railroad was completed to Lynchburg, and another railroad reached it through the [[Shenandoah Valley]]. Lynchburg had a telegraph, about 15,000 residents, and the beginnings of a streetcar system. Many citizens, believing their city crowded enough, did not join the boosters who wanted Lynchburg to become the junction of that valley line and what became the [[Norfolk and Western Railroad]], so the junction was moved to Big Lick. This later developed as the City of [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]]. {{wide image|Lynchburg Virginia c1919 LOC cph 3c22241u.jpg|1000px|Lynchburg, c. 1919}} In the latter 19th century, Lynchburg embraced manufacturing (the city being sometimes referred to as the "Pittsburgh of the South").{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} On a per capita basis, it became one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. In 1880, Lynchburg resident [[James Albert Bonsack]] invented the first cigarette-rolling machine. Shortly thereafter Dr. [[Charles Browne Fleet]], a physician and pharmacological tinkerer, introduced the first [[Enema#Micro-enemas|micro-enema]] to be mass marketed over the counter. By the city's centennial in 1886, banking activity had increased sixfold over the 1860 level, which some attributed to slavery's demise. The Lynchburg Cotton Mill and Craddock-Terry Shoe Co. (which would become the largest shoe manufacturer in the South) were founded in 1888. The [[Reusens Dam|Reusens hydroelectric dam]] began operating in 1903 and soon delivered more power.<ref name="lynchburgva.gov">{{Cite web|url=http://lynchburgva.gov/history|title=History | City of Lynchburg, Virginia}}</ref> In 1886, Virginia Baptists founded a training school, the Lynchburg Baptist Seminary. It began to offer a college-level program to African-American students in 1900. Now named the [[Virginia University of Lynchburg]], it is the city's oldest institution of higher learning. Not far outside town, [[Randolph College|Randolph-Macon Woman's College]] and [[Sweet Briar College]] were founded as women's colleges in 1893 and 1901, respectively. In 1903, the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]] founded [[Lynchburg College|Lynchburg Christian College]] (later [[Lynchburg College]]) in what had been the Westover Hotel resort, which went bankrupt in the [[Panic of 1901]]. During the 2018β19 school year, the college's name was changed to the [[University of Lynchburg]], reflecting its expansion of graduate-level programs and research. Lynchburg's first public library, the [[Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Virginia)|Jones Memorial Library]], opened in 1907.<ref name="lynchburgva.gov" /> [[File:World War I Memorial, Lynchburg, VA IMG 4108.JPG|thumb|right|[[World War I]] Memorial in downtown Lynchburg]] During World War I, the city's factories supported the war effort, and the area also supplied troops. The city powered through the Roaring Twenties and survived the [[Great Depression]]. Its first radio station, WLVA, began in 1930, and its airport opened in 1931. In 1938, the former fairgrounds were redeveloped as side-by-side baseball and football stadiums. <ref name="lynchburgva.gov" />
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