Editing Luanda (section)

===Independence===
{{main|Angolan War of Independence|Portuguese Colonial War|Angolan Civil War}}
[[File:Luanda - Angola (6276460346).jpg|thumb|left|President [[José Eduardo dos Santos]] with President of Brazil [[Dilma Rousseff]] at the Presidential Palace in 2011.]]
By the time of [[Angolan War of Independence|Angolan independence]] in 1975, Luanda was a modern city with the majority of its population being African, but also dominated by a strong minority of white Portuguese origin.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

After the [[Carnation Revolution]] in Lisbon on April 25, 1974, with the advent of independence and the start of the [[Angolan Civil War]] (1975–2002), most of the white Portuguese Luandans left as refugees,<ref name=":0">[http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12079340 Flight from Angola] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723131954/http://www.economist.com/node/12079340?story_id=12079340 |date=2013-07-23 }}, [[The Economist]] (August 16, 1975).</ref> principally for Portugal, however many travelled over land to [[South Africa]].
[[File:Porto de Luanda - Angola 2015.jpg|thumb|right|Luanda is experiencing widespread urban renewal and redevelopment in the 21st century, backed largely by profits from oil and diamond industries.]]
The large numbers of skilled technicians among the force of [[Cuba]]n soldiers sent in to support the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ([[MPLA]]) government in the Angolan Civil War were able to make a valuable contribution to restoring and maintaining basic services in the city.

In the following years, however, slums called ''[[musseques]]''—which had existed for decades—began to grow out of proportion and stretched several kilometres beyond Luanda's former city limits as a result of the decades-long civil war, and because of the rise of deep social inequalities due to large-scale migration of civil war refugees from other Angolan regions. For decades, Luanda's facilities were not adequately expanded to handle this huge increase in the city's population.