Editing Luís de Camões (section)

===Return to Portugal===
[[File:Camões lendo os Lusíadas a D. Sebastião.jpg|thumb|Camões reading Os Lusíadas to King Sebastian, in lithography from 1893.]]
Whether it was by invitation, or simply a matter of taking the chance to bridge part of the distance that separated him from his homeland, it is not known for certain, but in December 1567 Camões embarked on Pedro Barreto's ship to [[Sofala]], on the [[Island of Mozambique]], where Barreto had been appointed governor, and there Camões would wait for transport to Lisbon at a future date. The early biographers say that Pedro Barreto was treacherous, making false promises to Camões, so that after two years Diogo do Couto found him in a precarious state:<ref name="40-41">{{cite book |last1=Mourão e Vasconcelos |title= Os Lusiadas: nova edição segundo a do Morgado Matteus, com as notas e vida do autor pelo mesmo, corrigida segunda as edicoes de Hamburgo e de Lisboa, e enrequecida de novas notas e d'uma prefação pel C.L. de Moura |year= 1847 |pages=40–41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqg4AAAAYAAJ&q=%22camoes%22+lusiadas&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref name="27-29">{{cite book |last1=Gentil |first1=Georges Le |title=Camões: l'œuvre épique & lyrique |year=1995 |publisher=Editions Chandeigne |isbn=978-2-906462-16-8 |pages=27–29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApgtGMkV_DEC&q=cam%C3%B5es&pg=PP1 |language=fr}}</ref>

::"In Mozambique we found that Prince of Poets of his day, my companion and friend Luís de Camões, so poor that he was dependent on friends to feed him. Upon embarking for the kingdom we gathered all the clothing that he needed, and there was no shortage of people who gave him to eat. And that winter that he was in Mozambique, having just finished his Lusíadas in preparation for printing, he had been writing a great deal in another book which he entitled "The Parnassus of Luís de Camões", it being a book of great erudition, doctrine and philosophy, but which was stolen from him."<ref>{{cite web |title=Biografia: Camões |url=http://www.sociedadedigital.com.br/artigo.php?artigo=235 |publisher=Sociedade Digital}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pinto |first1=Paulo Jorge de Sousa |title="Era uma vez... Portugal: Diogo do Couto – Um cronista do oriente" |publisher=RDP-Internacional / Sociedade Histórica da Independência de Portugal}}</ref>

While attempting to set sail with Couto, Camões found his departure embargoed in the amount of two hundred [[Portuguese cruzado|cruzados]] by Barreto, demanding reimbursement for monies spent on the poet's behalf. His friends, however, collected the amount and Camões was released,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cf. Botelho, Souza |title=Os Lusiados: "Por este vil preço, diz energicamente Manoel de Faria, foi vendida a pessoa de Camões, e a honra de Pedro Barreto." |date=1819 |publisher=Didot}}</ref> arriving in [[Cascais]] aboard the [[carrack]] ''Santa Clara'' on April 7, 1570.<ref name="40-41" /><ref name="27-29" />

After so many adventures, he finally completed Os Lusíadas, presenting them in recitation to [[Sebastian of Portugal|Sebastian]]. The king, still a teenager, ordered the work to be published in 1572, also granting a small pension to "Luís de Camões, noble knight of my House", in payment for services rendered in India. The value of the pension did not exceed fifteen thousand [[Portuguese real|réis]] a year, which, if not generous, was also not as miserly as has been suggested, considering that the Royal Palace's ladies-in-waiting received around ten thousand réis. For a veteran soldier, the sum must have been considered sufficient and honorable at the time. But the pension would've only lasted for three years, and although the grant was renewable, it seems that it was paid irregularly, causing the poet to experience material difficulties.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Camões |first1=Luís de |last2=Penteado |first2=Rodrigo |title=Zé Ferino |date=1999 |publisher=Atelie Editorial |isbn=978-85-85851-90-3 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RffKKJPYttgC&q=cam%C3%B5es |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gentil |first1=Georges Le |title=Camões: l'œuvre épique & lyrique |year=1995 |publisher=Editions Chandeigne |isbn=978-2-906462-16-8 |pages=29–30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApgtGMkV_DEC&q=cam%C3%B5es&pg=PP1 |language=fr}}</ref>

[[File:Costa Motta, tomba del poeta luis vaz de camoes, 1894.jpg|thumb|250px|Tomb of the poet at the [[Jerónimos Monastery]]]]
Camões lived out his final years in a room in a house near the Convent of Santa Ana, in a state, according to tradition, of the most unworthy poverty, "without a rag to cover him". Le Gentil considered this view a romantic exaggeration, as he was still able to keep a slave named Jau, whom he had brought with him from the east, and official documents attest that he had some means of livelihood. After being embittered by the Portuguese defeat at the [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]], in which Sebastian disappeared, leading Portugal to lose its independence to the Spanish crown,{{refn|group=note|Foreseeing the Spanish invasion, Camões wrote to his old friend and Captain General of Lamego, D. Francisco de Almeida: "All will see that so dear to me was my country that I was content to die not only in it but with it"{{sfn|Prestage|1911}}}} he was stricken by bubonic [[Plague (disease)|plague]], according to Le Gentil. He was transported to a hospital and died on June 10, 1580, being buried, according to [[Manuel de Faria e Sousa|Faria e Sousa]], in a shallow grave in the Convent of Santa Ana, or in the cemetery of the poor in the same hospital, according to [[Teófilo Braga]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mourão e Vasconcelos |title= Os Lusiadas: nova edição segundo a do Morgado Matteus, com as notas e vida do autor pelo mesmo, corrigida segunda as edicoes de Hamburgo e de Lisboa, e enrequecida de novas notas e d'uma prefação pel C.L. de Moura |year= 1847 |pages=44–45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqg4AAAAYAAJ&q=%22camoes%22+lusiadas&pg=PA1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gentil |first1=Georges Le |title=Camões: l'œuvre épique & lyrique |year=1995 |publisher=Editions Chandeigne |isbn=978-2-906462-16-8 |pages=30–32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApgtGMkV_DEC&q=cam%C3%B5es&pg=PP1 |language=fr}}</ref> His mother, having survived him, began to receive his pension as an inheritance. The receipts, found at [[Torre do Tombo National Archive|Torre do Tombo]], the Portuguese national archive, document the date of the poet's death,<ref name="Fernandes"/> although an [[epitaph]] written by D. Gonçalo Coutinho has been preserved which mistakenly assigns his death to the year 1579.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mourão e Vasconcelos |title= Os Lusiadas: nova edição segundo a do Morgado Matteus, com as notas e vida do autor pelo mesmo, corrigida segunda as edicoes de Hamburgo e de Lisboa, e enrequecida de novas notas e d'uma prefação pel C.L. de Moura |year= 1847 |pages=45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqg4AAAAYAAJ&q=%22camoes%22+lusiadas&pg=PA1}}</ref> After the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|1755 earthquake]] which destroyed most of Lisbon, attempts were made to find the remains of Camões, but to no avail. The bones deposited in 1880 in a tomb in the [[Jerónimos Monastery]] are, in all probability, someone else's.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gentil |first1=Georges Le |title=Camões: l'œuvre épique & lyrique |year=1995 |publisher=Editions Chandeigne |isbn=978-2-906462-16-8 |pages=32–33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApgtGMkV_DEC&q=cam%C3%B5es&pg=PP1 |language=fr}}</ref>