Editing Louis de Broglie (section)

=== Scientific and pedagogical career ===
His 1924 thesis ''Recherches sur la théorie des quanta''<ref name="De_Broglie_PhD_English">{{cite web |last1=de Broglie |first1=Louis Victor |title=On the Theory of Quanta |url=http://aflb.ensmp.fr/LDB-oeuvres/De_Broglie_Kracklauer.pdf |website=Foundation of Louis de Broglie |edition= English translation by A.F. Kracklauer, 2004. |access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> (Research on the Theory of the Quanta) introduced his theory of [[electron]] waves. This included the [[wave–particle duality]] theory of matter, based on the work of [[Max Planck]] and [[Albert Einstein]] on light. This research culminated in the [[Matter wave|de Broglie hypothesis]] stating that ''any moving particle or object had an associated wave''. De Broglie thus created a new field in physics, the ''mécanique ondulatoire'', or wave mechanics, uniting the physics of energy (wave) and matter (particle). He won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1929 "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons".<ref>{{cite web| title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929| publisher=[[The Nobel Foundation]]| url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/summary/}}</ref>

In his later career, de Broglie worked to develop a [[causality (physics)|causal]] explanation of wave mechanics, in opposition to the wholly [[probabilistic]] models which dominate [[quantum mechanical]] theory; it was refined by [[David Bohm]] in the 1950s. The theory has since been known as the [[De Broglie–Bohm theory]].

In addition to strictly scientific work, de Broglie thought and wrote about the [[philosophy of science]], including the value of modern scientific discoveries. In 1930 he founded the book series Actualités scientifiques et industrielles published by [[Éditions Hermann]].<ref>[https://www.sudoc.fr/01331081X Recherche (PPN) 01331081X: Actualités scientifiques et industrielles], sudoc.fr. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</ref>

De Broglie became a member of the [[Académie des sciences]] in 1933, and was the academy's perpetual secretary from 1942. He was asked to join ''Le Conseil de l'Union Catholique des Scientifiques Francais'', but declined because he was non-religious.<ref>{{cite book|title=Quantum Mechanics at the Crossroads: New Perspectives From History, Philosophy And Physics|year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783540326632|first1=James |last1=Evans |first2=Alan S. |last2=Thorndike|page=71|quote=Asked to join Le Conseil de l'Union Catholique des Scientifiques<!-- the source has "Sceintifiques", but that is a typo --> Français, Louis declined because, he said, he had ceased the religious practices of his youth.}}</ref><ref>Kimball, John (2015). Physics Curiosities, Oddities, and Novelties. CRC Press. p. 323. {{ISBN|978-1-4665-7636-0}}.</ref>
In 1941, he was made a member of the National Council of [[Vichy France]].<ref> Les professeurs de la Faculté des sciences de Paris [https://www.persee.fr/doc/inrp_0298-5632_1989_ant_25_1_8664]</ref> On 12 October 1944, he was elected to the [[Académie Française]], replacing mathematician [[Émile Picard]]. Because of the deaths and imprisonments of Académie members during the occupation and other effects of the war, the Académie was unable to meet the quorum of twenty members for his election; due to the exceptional circumstances, however, his unanimous election by the seventeen members present was accepted. In an event unique in the history of the Académie, he was received as a member by his own brother Maurice, who had been elected in 1934. [[UNESCO]] awarded him the first [[Kalinga Prize]] in 1952 for his work in popularizing scientific knowledge, and he was elected a Foreign Member of the [[Royal Society]] on 23 April 1953.<ref name=Nobel/>

Louis became the 7th [[duc de Broglie]] in 1960 upon the death without heir of his elder brother, [[Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie]], also a physicist.

In 1961, he received the title of Knight of the Grand Cross in the [[Légion d'honneur]]. De Broglie was awarded a post as counselor to the French High Commission of Atomic Energy in 1945 for his efforts to bring industry and science closer together. He established a center for applied mechanics at the [[Henri Poincaré Institute]], where research into optics, cybernetics, and atomic energy were carried out. He inspired the formation of the [[International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science]] and was an early member.<ref name="PiecuchMaruani2009">{{cite book|author1=Piotr Piecuch|author2=Jean Maruani|author3=Gerardo Delgado-Barrio|author4=Stephen Wilson|title=Advances in the Theory of Atomic and Molecular Systems: Conceptual and Computational Advances in Quantum Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qbgc17K1dAC|date=30 September 2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-90-481-2596-8|page=4}}</ref>

Louis never married. When he died on 19 March 1987 in [[Louveciennes]] at the age of 94,<ref name=louveciennes>{{cite book |title=A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients: Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine |edition=illustrated |first1=Francis |last1=Leroy |publisher=CRC Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-8247-0876-8 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DjwaFWE4fYC}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=8DjwaFWE4fYC&pg=PA141 Extract of page 141]</ref> he was succeeded as [[duke]] by a distant cousin, [[Victor-François, 8th duc de Broglie]]. His funeral was held 23 March 1987 at the Church of Saint-Pierre-de-Neuilly.<ref name="NéelBroglie1988">{{cite book |author1=Louis Néel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C0u4AAAAIAAJ |title=Louis de Broglie que nous avons connu |author2=Fondation Louis de Broglie |author3=Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (France) |publisher=Fondation Louis de Broglie, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers |year=1988}}</ref>