Editing Louis XV (section)

===''Unigenitus'', Jansenism and religious conflict===
One of the first serious conflicts that disturbed the early reign of Louis XV was a battle within the Catholic Church over a [[Papal Bull]] called ''[[Unigenitus]]''. The Bull was requested by Louis XIV of [[Pope Clement XI]] and granted on 8 September 1713. It was a fierce condemnation of [[Jansenism]], a Catholic doctrine based largely on the teachings of [[Saint Augustine]]. Jansenism had attracted many important followers in France, including the philosopher [[Blaise Pascal]], the poet [[Louis Racine|Racine]], aristocrats including [[Madame de Sévigné]] and Madame de Lafayette.  The faculty of the Sorbonne, then primarily a theological college and a center of Jansenism, demanded clarification from the government. The Jansenists were allied with the Gallicans, theologians who wanted the Catholic Church in France to be distinctly French. The opposition to ''Unigenitus'' was particularly strong among the members of the [[Parlement of Paris]], the assembly of the nobles. Despite the protests, on 24 March 1730 Cardinal Fleury persuaded the King to issue a decree that ''Unigenitus'' was the law of France as well as that of the Church.

The government and church imposed repressive measures. On 27 April 1732, the Archbishop of Paris threatened to excommunicate any member of the Church who read the Jansenist journal, ''Nouvelles Ecclésiastiques''. The ''Parlement'' was strictly forbidden to discuss religious questions, preventing them from opposing the ''Unigenitus'' bull. Priests who did not accept ''Unigenitus'' were denied the authority to administer last rites to the dying.<ref>Bluche (2003), pp. 56–58.</ref> A new tax, the ''cinquantième'', was levied against religious figures who had previously been exempted from taxation. Jansenists and Protestants were threatened with prison and banishment.<ref>Bluche (2003), pp. 39–47.</ref> As a result of these repressive acts, religious dissent remained an issue throughout the King's reign.

Tension grew between the Duke of Bourbon and Cardinal de Fleury over the King's favor. The Duke's rigid and cold personality did not appeal to the young King, who turned to his old tutor for advice on how to run the affairs of state. When the King insisted that Fleury was to be included in all meetings between himself and the Duke of Bourbon, the Duke was infuriated and began to undermine Fleury's position at court. When the King became aware of the Duke's intrigue, he abruptly dismissed him and replaced him with Fleury.<ref name="Bluche 53">Bluche (2003), pp. 53–55.</ref>