Editing Louis Kahn (section)

===Career===
After completing his [[Bachelor of Architecture]] in 1924, Kahn worked as senior draftsman in the office of the city architect, John Molitor. He worked on the designs for the [[Sesquicentennial Exposition|1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition]].<ref name="pab">[http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm/21829 "Louis Isadore Kahn (1901–1974)"], Philadelphia Architects and Buildings</ref>

In 1928, Kahn made a European tour. He was interested particularly in the medieval walled city of [[Carcassonne]], France, and the castles of Scotland, rather than any of the strongholds of [[classicism]] or [[modernism]].<ref>Johnson, Eugene J. (1986). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/766911  "A Drawing of the Cathedral of Albi by Louis I. Kahn,"] ''Gesta,'' Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 159–165.</ref> After returning to the United States in 1929, Kahn worked in the offices of [[Paul Philippe Cret]], his former studio critic at the University of Pennsylvania, and then with [[Zantzinger, Borie and Medary]] in Philadelphia.<ref name="pab" />

In 1932, Kahn and [[Dominique Berninger]] founded the [[Architectural Research Group]], whose members were interested in the [[Populism|populist]] [[Marxist cultural analysis|social agenda]] and new [[aesthetics]] of the European [[avant-garde]]s. Among the projects Kahn worked on during this collaboration are schemes for public housing that he had presented to the [[Public Works Administration]], which supported some similar projects during the [[Great Depression]].<ref name="pab" /> They remained unbuilt.
[[File:Salk Institute1.jpg|thumb|220px|Louis Kahn's [[Salk Institute]]]]
Among the more important of Kahn's early collaborations was one with [[George Howe (architect)|George Howe]].<ref>[http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm/25206 Howe, George (1886–1955)], Philadelphia Architects and Buildings<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> Kahn worked with Howe in the late 1930s on projects for the [[Philadelphia Housing Authority]] and again in 1940, along with German-born architect [[Oscar Stonorov]], for the design of housing developments in other parts of [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>[http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm/21630 Stonorov, Oskar Gregory (1905–1970)], Philadelphia Architects and Buildings<!-- Bot generated title --></ref> A formal architectural office partnership between Kahn and Oscar Stonorov began in February 1942 and ended in March 1947, which produced fifty-four documented projects and buildings.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Pacific Coast Architecture Database |url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/ |publisher=The Pacific Coast Architecture Database |access-date=May 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=List of Buildings and Projects by Stonorov & Kahn Associated Architects |url=http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display_projects.cfm/23842 |website=Philadelphia Architects and Buildings |access-date=May 2, 2014}}</ref>

Kahn did not arrive at his distinctive architectural style until he was in his fifties. Initially working in a fairly orthodox version of the International Style, he was strongly influenced by a stay as architect-in-residence at the [[American Academy in Rome]] during 1950, which marked a turning point in his career. After visiting the ruins of ancient buildings in Italy, Greece, and Egypt, he adopted a back-to-the-basics approach. He developed his own style, as influenced by earlier modern movements, but not limited by their sometimes-dogmatic ideologies. In the 1950s and 1960s, as a consultant architect for the Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Kahn developed several plans for the center of Philadelphia that were never executed.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|last=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9780415252256|pages=408}}</ref>

In 1961, he received a grant from the [[Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts]] to study [[Traffic flow|traffic movement]] in [[Philadelphia]] and to create a proposal for a [[viaduct]] system.<ref>[http://www.design.upenn.edu/archives/majorcollections/kahn/likpcpmark.html Philadelphia City Planning: Market Street East Project Page<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928000646/http://www.design.upenn.edu/archives/majorcollections/kahn/likpcpmark.html |date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A2964&page_number=1&template_id=1&sort_order=1 MoMA.org | The Collection | Louis I. Kahn. Traffic Study, project, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Plan of proposed traffic-movement pattern. 1952]</ref>

He described this proposal at a lecture given in 1962 at the International Design Conference in Aspen, Colorado:

<blockquote>In the center of town the streets should become buildings. This should be interplayed with a sense of movement which does not tax local streets for non-local traffic. There should be a system of viaducts which encase an area which can reclaim the local streets for their own use, and it should be made so this viaduct has a ground floor of shops and usable area. A model which I did for the Graham Foundation recently, and which I presented to Mr. Entenza, showed the scheme.<ref name="Kahn 2003">{{cite book |last =Kahn |first =Louis I. |editor=Robert C. Twombly |title=Louis Kahn: Essential Texts |year=2003 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEZo6XU324MC&q=louis+kahn+graham+foundation&pg=PA158 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0393731132 |page=158}}</ref></blockquote>

Kahn's teaching career began at [[Yale University]] in 1947. He eventually was named as the ''Albert F. Bemis Professor'' of [[MIT School of Architecture and Planning|Architecture and Planning]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1956. Kahn then returned to Philadelphia to teach at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] from 1957 until his death, becoming the ''Paul Philippe Cret Professor of Architecture''. He also was a visiting lecturer at [[Princeton University School of Architecture]] from 1961 to 1967.

In 1974, Kahn died of a heart attack<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |title= Louis I. Kahn Dies; Architect was 73 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/20/archives/louis-i-kahn-dies-architect-was-73-louis-i-kahn-architect-dead-at.html |access-date=May 2, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 20, 1974}}</ref> soon after a work trip to India.<ref name=":0" />