Editing Louis Comfort Tiffany (section)

===Tiffany Artisans===
By 1902, Louis C. Tiffany had "several highly-gifted assistants working under his direction: Arthur J. Nash in glass; [[Clara Driscoll (glass designer)|Clara Driscoll]] in leaded-glass lamps, windows, and mosaic design; [[Frederick Wilson (artist)|Frederick Wilson]] in ecclesiastical stained-glass windows; and Julia Halsey Munson in enamels and jewelry design.<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" />

====Arthur J. Nash====
Arthur J. Nash had been manager of a major glassworks in [[Stourbridge]], [[Worcestershire]], [[England]].<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" /><ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /> Tiffany persuaded Nash to join him in founding and heading a new firm, first called the Stourbridge Glass Company, and later in 1902 became known as the [[Tiffany Studios|Tiffany Glass & Decorating Company]] in Corona, Queens.<ref name="Tiffany Nash book" /><ref name="Tiffany Desk Sets - Intro Koch" /><ref name="Tifffany Morse Museum">{{cite web |title=Tiffany Studios |url=https://morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany/tiffany-studios/ |website=The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Tiffany Studios" /> Arthur J. Nash became Tiffany's partner, as Nash applied the [[favrile]] the glass technique learned from his hometown of [[Stourbridge|Stourbridge, England]] to the glassworks produced by Tiffany.<ref name="Tiffany Nash book" /><ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /> Thereafter, its name evolved from being called the Stourbridge Glass Company in 1893 (in deference to the technique learned from Nash's hometown), to the Tiffany Glass Furnaces, and finally to the Tiffany Studios.<ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson">{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Marilynn A. |title=Louis Comfort Tiffany: artist for the ages [exhibition, Seattle art museum, October 13, 2005-January 4, 2006 ] |date=2005 |publisher=Scala |location=London |isbn=1-85759-384-7 |edition=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z8vpAAAAMAAJ&q=louis+Comfort+tiffany+artist+for+the+ages |access-date=6 February 2024 |language=English |quote=Tiffany was so completely a creature of his family and times that I can't imagine his springing from another point on the space-time continuum.}}</ref> "Nash hired many more skilled English artisans. Tiffany's vision, Nash's management, and [[Charles Lewis Tiffany|Charles Lewis Tiffany's]] financing resulted in a thriving operation. Stourbridge Glass Company was absorbed by Tiffany into the Tiffany Furnaces in 1902.<ref name="Tiffany Nash book" />
"In 1920, Tiffany's glass production was reorganized under Nash's son, A. Douglas Nash, as part of Louis C. Tiffany Furnaces, Inc.; and, as in the case of the metal shop under Arthur Nash's other son, Leslie Nash, the production turned to more commercial table and other wares."<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" /> In 1922, Leslie Nash, a creative artist and designer in his own right, had a major influence on Tiffany's production. "In 1922, in the waning period of Tiffany Furnaces, Tiffany and Leslie Nash—inspired by motifs from [[Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamen's]] recently discovered tomb—designed an elaborate special order,"<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" /> for the wife of [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]] millionaire [[Cyrus McCormick]]. Tiffany sold his interests to the Nashes in 1928. Arthur Nash retired after 1918, and "with him retired the secrets of making the finest and most technically complicated types of Tiffany glass, which remain to this day one of the crowning achievements of the decorative arts in America."<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" /> 

====Clara Driscoll====
{{multiple image
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| image1    = Wiki-Tiffany-daffodil-low-.jpg
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| caption1  = Tiffany Studios ''Daffodil'' stained glass leaded lampshade, now known to be one of head designer [[Clara Driscoll (Tiffany glass designer)|Clara Driscoll]]'s creations
| image2    = WLA nyhistorical Tiffany Studios 5.jpg
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| caption2  = Close-up of a Tiffany Studios "Venetian" desk lamp, {{circa|lk=no|1910–20}}
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"A gifted unsung artist,"<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer">{{cite book |last1=Eidelberg |first1=Martin |last2=Gray |first2=Nina |last3=Hofer |first3=Margaret |title=A new light on Tiffany: Clara Driscoll and the Tiffany girls; on the occasion of the Exhibition: A New Light on Tiffany |date=2007 |publisher=New-York Historical Society |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-904832-35-5 |edition=1. publ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySPrAAAAMAAJ&q=unsung%20 |access-date=6 February 2024 |language=English |quote=Clara Pierce Wolcott Driscoll was one of the many creative artists employed by Louis C. Tiffany.}}</ref> [[Clara Driscoll (glass designer)|Clara Driscoll]] was one of the many gifted artists employed by Tiffany. Driscoll was born in Tallmadge, Ohio. Driscoll was educated at the [[Cleveland Institute of Art|
Western Reserve School of Design for Women]], and in 1888 moved to New York City to study at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art Schools|Metropolitan Museum of Art School]].<ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /> "The turning point in her career came when she and her sister found employment at the Tiffany Glass Company in [[Manhattan]]."<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /> When Driscoll first began work at Tiffany's the firm was located at 333-35 Fourth Avenue, later renamed for its lush-green central median, [[Park Avenue]]. The names of the firm underwent a metamorphosis of name changes, as had Tiffany's glass operation with Nash: Louis C. Tiffany and Associated Artists, to Louis C. Tiffany & Co., and finally the Tiffany Glass Company.<ref name="Tiffany Morse Museum">{{cite web |title=Tiffany Studios |url=https://morsemuseum.org/louis-comfort-tiffany/tiffany-studios/ |website=The Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Tiffany Studios" /><ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /> "As the name suggests, the company focused largely on leaded-glass windows but it also received commissions for interior decoration."<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /> From the late 1880s until about 1909, Driscoll supervised many of Tiffany's most celebrated leaded windows and mosaics.<ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /> Since the common practice at the time was to limit female hires to unmarried status, Driscoll worked on and off on three separate occasions.<ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /> During Driscoll's first term in 1892, a "Women's Glass Cutting Department" with six female employees under Driscoll's direction was created, and in two years, this had increased to thirty-five.<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /> Her third term at Tiffany's, "undoubtedly the most creative"<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /> tenure of her career, was the period many refer to as "the most prestigious commissions for leaded-glass windows and mosaics by her "Tiffany Girls."<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /> It was during this tenure that iconic pieces like the ''Dragonfly'', ''Wisteria'', and ''Poppy'' lamp shades were created.<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /> Undoubtedly, the magic in the artistic endeavors by Tiffany and his artisans can only be ascribed to the "harmony that existed between Tiffany and his workers."<ref name="Tiffany Girls - Eidelberg/Gray/Hofer" /><ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /><ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" />

====Frederick Wilson====
{{Main|Frederick Wilson (artist)}}
[[File:This is one of the astonishing collection of 25 Louis Comfort Tiffany stained-glass windows that illuminate Saint Peter's Chapel on Mare Island, California LCCN2013635025.tif|thumb|"The Sower", designed by Frederick Wilson: one of 25 ''in situ'' Tiffany windows at [[St. Peter's Chapel, Mare Island]]]]
Frederick Wilson started at Tiffany Studios in 1893, became its chief window designer in 1897,<ref name="duncan">{{cite book|last1=Duncan|first1=Alastair|title=Louis Comfort Tiffany|date=1992|publisher=Abrams|location=New York|isbn=9780810938625|page=[https://archive.org/details/louiscomforttiff0000dunc/page/81 81]|url=https://archive.org/details/louiscomforttiff0000dunc/page/81}}</ref> and head of the Ecclesiastical Department in 1899.<ref name="vmfa">{{cite web|title=What are the Tiffany Windows?|url=https://www.vmfa.museum/mlit/what-are-the-tiffany-windows/|website=Virginia Museum of Fine Arts|date=3 June 2015 |access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> He was among the most prominent and prolific designers: ''e.g.'', ''The Righteous Shall Receive a Crown of Glory'' (1901); ''[[Angel of the Resurrection (Tiffany Studios stained glass window)|Angel of the Resurrection]]'' (1904); ''The Prayer of the Christian Soldier'' (1919). He worked in his studio at Briarcliff Manor, New York, as well as in the Tiffany Studios factory at Corona, Queens. After 30 years and more than 500 windows designed and executed,<ref name="wilson index">{{cite web |title=Tiffany Census, Designer Index: Frederick Wilson (507 items, 382 Extant) |url=https://www.cambridge2000.com/tiffany/html/designer/index.html#Frederick_Wilson |website=cambridge2000.com |access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref> he left Tiffany Studios in 1923 and moved to Los Angeles to work for Judson Studios.

====Julia Halsey Munson====
[[File:Tiffany and Company - Necklace - Walters 572121.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.7|This necklace exemplifies Tiffany & Co.'s jewelry production around the turn of the 20th century. Necklace circa 1904.]]
Julia Munson was born in [[Hoboken, New Jersey]], in 1875. Munson was trained at the Artist-Artisan Institute of New York.<ref name="NYTimes Artist-Artisan Institute Munson">{{cite news |title=THE ARTIST-ARTISAN INSTITUTE; Beginning of Eighth Season -- Union Effected with the School of Industrial Art and Technical Design for Women. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1895/10/06/issue.html |access-date=6 February 2024 |agency=The New York Times |publisher=The New York Times Publishing |date=6 October 1895 |quote=Few New Yorkers appreciate how much excellent work is being done here ... at 140 West 23rd Street.}}</ref> Munson's drawings, preserved in Tiffany & Co. archives, exhibit abstract attention to nature's beauty, namely plants and flowers inspired by Tiffany's glassworks.<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" /> "The idea of Tiffany's enamels as the link between his stained-glass windows and his jewelry for Tiffany & Co. is well founded. "During the twelve years they collaborated on jewelry, they maintained the practice of taking themes from Tiffany's glass, mosaics, and metalwork, creating jewels that women sought around the world."<ref name="Tiffany at Tiffany & C Loring" /><ref name="LCT artist for the ages - Marilynn Johnson" /><ref name="Tiffany Desk Sets - Intro Koch" /> Although Tiffany's lamps are his most well-known artistic creations, his unique jewelry, characterised by vibrant colors, unusual stones, and exotic motifs, has also become sought after by collectors of fine jewelry.<ref name="Christie's jewelry">{{cite web |title=The exotic jewels of Louis Comfort Tiffany |url=https://www.christies.com/en/stories/louis-comfort-tiffany-jewels-74ef60299187466fb58fa0b25d34a4cd |website=Christies |access-date=6 February 2024 |quote=Tiffany's trips to North Africa and the Near East had a particular impact on his life’s work, because it was here that he became consumed by an interest in colour, light, and hues that were rarely seen in the palette of mainstream American artists.}}</ref>

In 1903, Julia Munson became the head of Tiffany & Co.'s jewelry department. She played a pivotal role in developing the enameling techniques used in Tiffany's jewelry, although her significant contributions remained largely unrecognized at the time, as none of the pieces she worked on were signed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Misiorowski |first1=Elise B. |last2=Dirlam |first2=Dona M. |date=1986-01-01 |title=Art Nouveau: Jewels and Jewelers |journal=Gems & Gemology |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=209–228 |doi=10.5741/GEMS.22.4.209 |bibcode=1986GemG...22..209M |s2cid=67802910 |issn=0016-626X}}</ref> One notable example of their collaboration is the ''Peacock Necklace'' (circa 1906), designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany and crafted by Munson. The necklace showcases opals, amethysts, sapphires, and demantoid garnets, all set in intricate cloisonné enamel on gold.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Art Nouveau Jewelry |url=https://dsfantiquejewelry.com/blogs/journal/the-rise-of-art-nouveau-jewelry |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=DSF Antique Jewelry |language=en}}</ref>

====Agnes Northrop====
{{Main|Agnes Northrop}}
Agnes Northrop  (1857 – 1953) started as a "Tiffany Girl" and became a designer. In 2024 the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] acquired her stained glass [[triptych]] entitled ''Garden Landscape'' <ref name="Metropolitan Museum of Art">{{cite web |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Acquires Monumental Tiffany Window Designed by Agnes Northrop |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/news/2023/tiffany-windows |website=Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=December 5, 2023 |access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref>