Editing Lobopodia (section)

=== Head ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| width = 220
| footer = 
| image1 = 20210822 Onychodictyon ferox anterior.png
| caption1 = Anterior section of ''[[Onychodictyon]] ferox'', showing head structures.
| image2 = Jianshanopodia decora 1.jpg
| caption2 = Fossil of ''[[Jianshanopodia]] decora'', showing head region (upper left) compose of robust frontal appendage (right) and pharynx with rows of teeth (bottom left).
}}

Due to the usually poor preservation, detailed reconstructions of the head region are only available for a handful of lobopodian species.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":2" /> The head of a lobopodian is more or less bulbous,<ref name=":0" /> and sometime possesses a pair of pre-ocular, presumely protocerebral<ref name=":10" /> appendages – for example, primary antennae<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=Xiaoya|last2=Hou|first2=Xianguang|last3=Bergström|first3=Jan|year=2009|title=Morphology of ''Luolishania longicruris'' (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians|url=https://www.academia.edu/4124153|journal=Arthropod Structure & Development|language=en|volume=38|issue=4|pages=271–291|doi=10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001|issn=1467-8039|pmid=19293001|bibcode=2009ArtSD..38..271M }}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":28" /> or well-developed frontal appendages,<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last=Whittington|first=Harry Blackmore|date=1978-11-16|title=The Lobopod Animal ''Aysheaia Pedunculata'' Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.1978.0061|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences|volume=284|issue=1000|pages=165–197|doi=10.1098/rstb.1978.0061|bibcode=1978RSPTB.284..165W}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Liu2007" /><ref name="Liu2006" /><ref name=":0"/> which are individualized from the trunk lobopods<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Jockusch |first=Elizabeth L. |date=2017-09-01 |title=Developmental and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origin and Diversification of Arthropod Appendages |journal=Integrative and Comparative Biology |language=en |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=533–545 |doi=10.1093/icb/icx063 |pmid=28957524 |issn=1540-7063|doi-access=free}}</ref> (with the exception of ''[[Antennacanthopodia]]'', which have two pairs of head appendages instead of one<ref name=":3" />). Mouthparts may consist of rows of teeth<ref name="Hou2004"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name="Liu2007" /><ref name="Liu2006" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Vinther|first1=Jakob|last2=Porras|first2=Luis|last3=Young|first3=Fletcher|last4=Budd|first4=Graham|last5=Edgecombe|first5=Gregory|date=2016-09-01|title=The mouth apparatus of the Cambrian gilled lobopodian ''Pambdelurion whittingtoni''|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309090813|journal=Palaeontology|volume=59|issue=6|pages=841–849|doi=10.1111/pala.12256|bibcode=2016Palgy..59..841V |hdl=1983/16da11f1-5231-4d6c-9968-69ddc5633a8a|s2cid=88758267 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> or a conical proboscis.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last1=Ou |first1=Qiang |last2=Shu |first2=Degan |last3=Mayer |first3=Georg |date=2012-12-11 |title=Cambrian lobopodians and extant onychophorans provide new insights into early cephalization in Panarthropoda |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1261 |doi=10.1038/ncomms2272 |pmid=23232391 |pmc=3535342 |issn=2041-1723 |bibcode=2012NatCo...3.1261O}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /> The eyes may be represented by a single ocellus or by numerous<ref name=":23" /> pairs of simple ocelli,<ref name=":0" /> as has been shown in ''[[Luolishania]]''<ref name=":4" /> (=''[[Miraluolishania]]''<ref name=":23">{{Cite journal|last1=Schoenemann|first1=Brigitte|last2=Liu|first2=Jian-Ni|last3=Shu|first3=De-Gan|last4=Han|first4=Jian|last5=Zhang|first5=Zhi-Fei|date=2009|title=A miniscule optimized visual system in the Lower Cambrian|journal=Lethaia|language=en|volume=42|issue=3|pages=265–273|doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00138.x|bibcode=2009Letha..42..265S |issn=1502-3931}}</ref><ref name=":27" />), ''[[Ovatiovermis]]'',<ref name=":6" /> ''[[Onychodictyon]]'',<ref name=":22" /> ''[[Hallucigenia]]'',<ref name=":2" /> ''[[Facivermis]]'',<ref name=":27" /> and less certainly ''[[Aysheaia]]'' as well.<ref name=":22" /> However, in gilled lobopodians like ''[[Kerygmachela]]'', the eyes are relatively complex reflective patches<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fleming|first1=James F.|last2=Kristensen|first2=Reinhardt Møbjerg|last3=Sørensen|first3=Martin Vinther|last4=Park|first4=Tae-Yoon S.|last5=Arakawa|first5=Kazuharu|last6=Blaxter|first6=Mark|last7=Rebecchi|first7=Lorena|last8=Guidetti|first8=Roberto|last9=Williams|first9=Tom A.|last10=Roberts|first10=Nicholas W.|last11=Vinther|first11=Jakob|date=2018-12-05|title=Molecular palaeontology illuminates the evolution of ecdysozoan vision|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=285|issue=1892|pages=20182180|doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.2180|issn=0962-8452|pmc=6283943|pmid=30518575}}</ref> that may had been [[Compound eye|compound]] in nature.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Tae-Yoon S.|last2=Kihm|first2=Ji-Hoon|last3=Woo|first3=Jusun|last4=Park|first4=Changkun|last5=Lee|first5=Won Young|last6=Smith|first6=M. Paul|last7=Harper|first7=David A. T.|last8=Young|first8=Fletcher|last9=Nielsen|first9=Arne T.|date=2018-03-09|title=Brain and eyes of ''Kerygmachela'' reveal protocerebral ancestry of the panarthropod head|journal=Nature Communications|language=En|volume=9|issue=1|pages=1019|bibcode=2018NatCo...9.1019P|doi=10.1038/s41467-018-03464-w|issn=2041-1723|pmc=5844904|pmid=29523785}}</ref>