Editing Lobbying (section)

=== Methods ===

In 2013, the director general of the [[World Health Organization]], [[Margaret Chan]], illustrated the methods used in lobbying against public health:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2013/health_promotion_20130610/en/ |title=Opening address at the 8th Global Conference on Health Promotion |first=Margaret |last=Chan |date=10 June 2013 |website=www.who.int |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703020045/https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2013/health_promotion_20130610/en/ |archive-date=3 July 2019 |author-link=Margaret Chan }}.</ref>

{{Blockquote|Efforts to prevent noncommunicable diseases go against the business interests of powerful economic operators. In my view, this is one of the biggest challenges facing health promotion. [...] it is not just Big Tobacco anymore. Public health must also contend with Big Food, Big Soda, and Big Alcohol. All of these industries fear regulation, and protect themselves by using the same tactics. Research has documented these tactics well. They include front groups, lobbies, promises of self-regulation, lawsuits, and [[industry-funded research]] that confuses the evidence and keeps the public in doubt. Tactics also include gifts, grants, and contributions to worthy causes that cast these industries as respectable corporate citizens in the eyes of politicians and the public. They include arguments that place the responsibility for harm to health on individuals, and portray government actions as interference in personal liberties and free choice. This is formidable opposition. [...] When industry is involved in policy-making, rest assured that the most effective control measures will be downplayed or left out entirely. This, too, is well-documented, and dangerous. In the view of WHO, the formulation of health policies must be protected from distortion by commercial or vested interests.}}

Lobbying can be categorized as inside lobbying, which directly interacts with decision-makers, or outside lobbying, which pressures decision-makers through mobilization of public opinion.<ref name="a238">{{cite journal | last1=Dellmuth | first1=Lisa Maria | last2=Tallberg | first2=Jonas | title=Advocacy Strategies in Global Governance: Inside versus Outside Lobbying | journal=Political Studies | volume=65 | issue=3 | date=2017 | issn=0032-3217 | doi=10.1177/0032321716684356 | pages=705–723| url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134836 }}</ref>