Editing Livermorium (section)

=== Unconfirmed discovery claims ===
In late 1998, Polish physicist [[Robert Smolańczuk]] published calculations on the fusion of atomic nuclei towards the synthesis of [[superheavy element|superheavy atoms]], including [[oganesson|elements 118]] and 116.<ref name="Smolanczuk">{{cite journal|author=Smolanczuk, R.|journal=Physical Review C|volume=59|issue=5|date=1999|title=Production mechanism of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions|pages=2634–2639|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.59.2634|bibcode = 1999PhRvC..59.2634S}}</ref> His calculations suggested that it might be possible to make these two elements by fusing [[lead]] with [[krypton]] under carefully controlled conditions.<ref name="Smolanczuk" />

In 1999, researchers at [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] made use of these predictions and announced the discovery of elements 118 and 116, in a paper published in ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'',<ref name="Ninov83.1104">{{cite journal|last1=Ninov|first1=Viktor|last2=Gregorich|first2=K.|last3=Loveland|first3=W.|last4=Ghiorso|first4=A.|last5=Hoffman|first5=D.|last6=Lee|first6=D.|last7=Nitsche|first7=H.|last8=Swiatecki|first8=W.|last9=Kirbach|first9=U.|first10=C. |last10=Laue|first11=J. |last11=Adams|first12=J. |last12=Patin|first13=D. |last13=Shaughnessy|first14=D. |last14=Strellis|first15=P. |last15=Wilk|title=Observation of Superheavy Nuclei Produced in the Reaction of {{SimpleNuclide|Krypton|86}} with {{SimpleNuclide|Lead|208}}|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]|volume=83|pages=1104–1107|date=1999|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1104|bibcode=1999PhRvL..83.1104N|issue=6 |display-authors=10|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233919}}{{Retraction|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.039901|intentional=yes}}</ref> and very soon after the results were reported in ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Service, R. F.|journal=Science|date=1999|volume=284|page=1751|doi=10.1126/science.284.5421.1751|title=Berkeley Crew Bags Element 118|issue=5421|s2cid=220094113}}</ref> The researchers reported to have performed the [[nuclear reaction|reaction]]

:{{nuclide|Krypton|86}} + {{nuclide|Lead|208}} → {{nuclide|oganesson|293}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}} → {{nuclide|Livermorium|289}} + [[alpha particle|α]]

The following year, they published a retraction after researchers at other laboratories were unable to duplicate the results and the Berkeley lab itself was unable to duplicate them as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://enews.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/118-retraction.html|publisher=Berkeley Lab|author=Public Affairs Department|title=Results of element 118 experiment retracted|date=2001-07-21|access-date=2008-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129191344/http://enews.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/118-retraction.html|archive-date=2008-01-29}}</ref> In June 2002, the director of the lab announced that the original claim of the discovery of these two elements had been based on data fabricated by principal author [[Victor Ninov]].<ref>{{cite journal|pages=728–729|title=Misconduct: The stars who fell to Earth|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=420|doi=10.1038/420728a|date=2002|pmid=12490902|last1=Dalton|first1=R.|issue=6917|bibcode = 2002Natur.420..728D |s2cid=4398009}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012075515/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2629 Element 118 disappears two years after it was discovered]. Physicsworld.com (August 2, 2001). Retrieved on 2012-04-02.</ref> The isotope <sup>289</sup>Lv was finally discovered in 2024 at the JINR.<ref name=jinr2024/>