Editing Lituus (section)

===Medieval period===
{{main article|Medieval lituus}}
From the end of the 10th through the 13th centuries, chroniclers of the [[Crusades]] used the word ''lituus'' vaguely—along with the Classical Latin names for other Roman military Trumpets and horns, such as the ''[[Roman tuba|tuba]]'', ''[[Cornu (horn)|cornu]]'', and ''[[buccina]]'' and the more up-to-date French term ''trompe''—to describe various instruments employed in the Christian armies. However, it is impossible to determine just what sort of instrument might have been meant, and it is unlikely their litui were the same as the Etrusco-Roman instrument.<ref>John Wallace and Alexander McGrattan, ''The Trumpet'' (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012): 73.</ref>

In the early 15th century, [[Jean de Gerson]] listed the lituus among those [[string instrument]]s that were sounded by beating or striking, either with the fingernails, a plectrum, or a stick. Other instruments Gerson names in this category are the ''[[Harp|cythara]]'', ''[[gittern|guiterna]]'', ''[[Psalterium (instrument)|psalterium]]'', ''timpanum'', and ''campanula''.<ref>Christopher Page, "Early 15th-Century Instruments in Jean de Gerson's 'Tractatus de Canticis'", ''Early Music'' 6, no. 3 (July 1978): 339–49. Citation on 344.</ref>