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===Other states=== {{col-begin|width=760px}} {{col-2}} '''"Membership within the UN System" column legend''' {{legend|#e2efda|Member state of a UN Specialized Agency}} {{legend|lemonchiffon|No membership}} {{col-2}} '''"Sovereignty dispute" column legend''' {{legend|white|Undisputed sovereignty}} {{legend|#fcc|Disputed sovereignty}} {{col-end}} {| class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" text-align:left;" |- ! style="width:150pt;"| Common and formal names ! style="width:90pt;"| Membership within the [[United Nations System|UN System]]{{efn|name="membership"}} ! style="width:90pt;"| Sovereignty dispute{{efn|name="sd"}} ! class="unsortable"| Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty{{efn|name="fi"}} |- |<span id="Abkhazia"></span>'''{{flag|Abkhazia}}''' – Republic of Abkhazia | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}} {{extent}}[[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.<ref name=ASOTREC>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|date=17 November 2006|access-date=5 June 2011|script-title=ru:Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же|publisher=newsru.com|language=ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050525/http://www.newsru.com/russia/17nov2006/aup.html|archive-date=16 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]]. |- |<span id="Cook Islands"></span>'''{{flag|Cook Islands}}''' | style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of eight [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] |<span style="display:none">A</span> None<br /><small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small> {{extent}}A state in [[associated state|free association]] with [[#New Zealand|New Zealand]], the Cook Islands maintains [[Foreign relations of the Cook Islands|diplomatic relations with at least 63 other states]] and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. The Cook Islands is a member of [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty-making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1"/> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]]. |- |<span id="Kosovo"></span>'''{{flag|Kosovo}}''' – Republic of Kosovo | style="background:#e2efda;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of two [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SERBIA}} {{extent}}Pursuant to [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244]], Kosovo was placed under the administration of the [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|website=UN|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225015010/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmik/|archive-date=25 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kosovo [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declared independence in 2008]], and it has {{Numrec|Kosovo|received diplomatic recognition from|UN member states}} and the [[#Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]], while 18 of those states have recognised Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat|title=''"Sijera Leone je 18. država koja je povukla priznanje tzv. Kosova"''|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130005310/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/sr/index.php/pres-servis/saopstenja/22340--18-k-sl03032020?lang=lat|url-status=live}}</ref> Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank Group]]. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]]. |- |<span id="Niue"></span>'''{{flag|Niue}}''' | style="background:#e2efda;"|<span style="display:none">D</span> Member of five [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|UN specialized agencies]] |<span style="display:none">A</span> None<br /><small>(See [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|political status]])</small> {{extent}}A state in [[associated state|free association]] with [[#New Zealand|New Zealand]], Niue maintains [[Foreign relations of Niue|diplomatic relations with at least 28 other states]] and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. Niue is a member of [[list of specialized agencies of the United Nations|multiple UN agencies]] with full treaty-making capacity.<ref name="untreaty1"/> It shares a [[Monarchy of New Zealand|head of state]] with New Zealand as well as having [[New Zealand nationality law|shared citizenship]]. |- |<span id="Northern Cyprus"></span>'''{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}''' – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|CYPRUS}} {{extent}} [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|Recognised only by]] [[#Turkey|Turkey]]. Under the name "[[Turkish Cypriot State]]", it is an observer state of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and the [[Economic Cooperation Organization]]. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the [[#Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Cyprus|date=7 June 2023|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=11 June 2023|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202203/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |<span id="SADR"></span>'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}''' | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|MOROCCO}} {{extent}}The [[Polisario Front]], which administers the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, is recognized by the UN as the [[List of active national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations|legitimate representative]] of the people of [[Western Sahara]].<ref>[https://documents.un.org/doc/resolution/gen/nr0/376/64/pdf/nr037664.pdf Question of Western Sahara] A/RES/34/37 (1979)</ref><ref>[https://documents.un.org/doc/resolution/gen/nr0/390/38/pdf/nr039038.pdf Question of Western Sahara] A/RES/35/19 (1980)</ref> Recognised at some stage by {{Numrec|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic||UN member states}}, {{Numrec|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|W=Y|link=N}} of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the [[African Union]], an international organization with [[United Nations General Assembly observers|permanent observer status]] at the UN General Assembly. The territories under its control, the so-called [[Free Zone (region)|Free Zone]], are claimed in whole by [[#Morocco|Morocco]] as part of its [[Southern Provinces]]. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the [[Moroccan Western Sahara Wall|Moroccan sand wall]] controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in [[Tindouf]], [[#Algeria|Algeria]]. |- |<span id="Somaliland"></span>'''{{flag|Somaliland}}''' – Republic of Somaliland | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|SOMALIA}} {{extent}}A de facto independent state<ref name=montevideo>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|last1=Ker-Lindsay|first1=James|title=The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States|page=53|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|quote=In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognised by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009041217/http://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC|archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=live|isbn=9780199698394}}</ref><ref name=FailureofStates>{{cite journal|url=http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|last1=Kreuter|first1=Aaron|title=Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession|journal=[[Minnesota Journal of International Law]]|volume=19|pages=380–381|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Law School]]|year=2010|issue=2 |quote=Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.|access-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927082111/http://minnjil.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/kreuterweb-pdf.pdf|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=StrangeCase>{{cite journal|url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|last1=Arieff|first1=Alexis|title=de facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland|journal=[[Yale Journal of International Affairs]]|issue=Spring/Summer 2008|pages=1–79|publisher=International Affairs Council at Yale|access-date=17 April 2011|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213214545/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf|archive-date=13 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Foreign relations of Somaliland|not formally diplomatically recognised by]] any other state{{efn|Though [[Somaliland–Taiwan relations|de facto recognized by the Republic of China (Taiwan)]].}} and claimed in whole by the [[#Somalia|Federal Republic of Somalia]].<ref name="Somalilandprofile">{{cite web|title=Somaliland profile|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|website=[[BBC News]]|date=14 December 2017|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423054426/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14115069|archive-date=23 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |<span id="South Ossetia"></span>'''{{flag|South Ossetia}}''' – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|GEORGIA}} {{extent}}A de facto independent state,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jansen, Dinah|title=The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|journal=Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security|pages=222–242|year=2009|publisher=Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie|isbn=978-1-896440-61-3|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819063355/https://es.scribd.com/document/31659924/The-Conflict-between-Self-Determination-and-Territorial-Integrity-The-South-Ossetian-Paradigm|archive-date=19 August 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognised by]] Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by [[#Georgia|Georgia]] through the [[Administration of South Ossetia]].<ref name="cnnAbSO">{{Cite news|title=Russia condemned for recognising rebel regions|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|newspaper=CNN.com|publisher=Cable News Network|date=26 August 2008|access-date=26 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829045537/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/08/26/russia.vote.georgia/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2008|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |<span id="Taiwan"></span>'''{{flag|Republic of China|name=Taiwan}}''' – Republic of China{{efn|name="ChinaTaiwan"}} | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> UN member state until 1971, now no membership | style="background:#fcc;" |[[Foreign relations of Taiwan|Partially unrecognised]]. {{claimedby|PRC}} {{extent}}A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the [[#China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the islands of [[geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Penghu]], [[Kinmen]], the [[Matsu Islands]], and [[Pratas Island]], as well as [[Taiping Island]] and [[Zhongzhou Reef]] of the [[Spratly Islands]], and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the [[Mainland China|mainland]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview |work=[[Taipei Times]] |date=8 October 2008 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320 |access-date=13 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320 |archive-date=3 June 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ROC is recognised by {{Numrec|Republic of China|alt=UN member states and the Holy See as of}} UN member states and [[#Vatican City|Vatican City]], none of which recognise the PRC. Additionally, one UN member ([[#Bhutan|Bhutan]]) has [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#Relations with neither the ROC nor the PRC|refrained from recognising]] either the ROC or the PRC. In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=A88B8E342A02AD0A&s=F1B6AD3B065E43D8|script-title=zh:中華民國國情介紹|date=22 March 2017|website=2.16.886.101.20003|access-date=20 April 2022|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702041112/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=A88B8E342A02AD0A&s=F1B6AD3B065E43D8|url-status=live}}</ref> with 58 UN member states, one [[list of states with limited recognition|self-declared state]] ([[#Somaliland|Somaliland]]), three territories ([[Guam]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Macau]]), and the [[European Union]] via its [[Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office|representative offices and consulates]] under the [[One China]] principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.<ref>{{cite web |last1=van der Wees |first1=Gerrit |title=Is Taiwan's International Space Expanding or Contracting? |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/12/is-taiwans-international-space-expanding-or-contracting/ |website=thediplomat.com |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=16 December 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172602/https://thediplomat.com/2021/12/is-taiwans-international-space-expanding-or-contracting/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.{{efn|name="TAI2"}} The ROC [[Foreign relations of Taiwan#International organizations|participates in international organizations]] under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "[[Chinese Taipei]]". In the [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], the ROC has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]]. See [[China and the United Nations]]. |- |<span id="Transnistria"></span>'''{{flag|Transnistria}}''' – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic | style="background:LemonChiffon;" |<span style="display:none">D</span> No membership | style="background:#fcc;" |{{claimedby|MOLDOVA}} {{extent}}A de facto independent state,<ref name=montevideo/> [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|recognised only by]] [[#Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[#South Ossetia|South Ossetia]].<ref name=ASOTREC /> Claimed in whole by [[#Moldova|Moldova]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 November 2022|title=Transnistria profile – Overview|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268|access-date=11 June 2023|archive-date=5 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405014442/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18286268|url-status=live}}</ref> |}
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