Editing List of rulers of Saxony (section)

==The ''Younger'' Saxony: The Duchy and the Electorate==
[[File:Armoiries Saxe2.svg|thumb|right|[[Coat of arms of Saxony]] used since the accession of the [[House of Ascania]] to the dukedom in 1180, comprising the Ascanian arms with an added bendwise [[crancelin]] indicating the Saxon ducal rank]]

The new dukes replaced the Saxon horse emblem ([[File:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|20px]]) and introduced their Ascanian family colours and emblem ([[File:Arms of the house of Anhalt (ancient).svg|20px]]) added by a bendwise crancelin, symbolising the Saxon ducal crown, as new coat-of-arms of Saxony ([[File:Armoiries Saxe2.svg|20px]]). The later rulers of the [[House of Wettin]] adopted the Ascanian coat-of-arms.

After the division, the counting of the dukes started anew. Though the first Ascanian duke is counted either as Bernard III (because of two predecessors of the same name before 1180) or as Bernard I, his successor, [[Albert I, Duke of Saxony|Albert I]] is counted as the first, although before 1180 he had one predecessor of the same name, [[Albert the Bear]].

===[[House of Ascania]]===
{{For|a complete table of rulers|House of Ascania #Rulers of the House of Ascania}}
====Partitions of Saxony under Ascanian rule====

{|align="center" style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"
|+ 
|- 
| colspan=5 style="background: #fff;" |'''Duchy of Saxony'''<br/>(1180–1296)
|- 
| colspan=1 rowspan="5" style="background: #abc;" |'''Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg'''<br/>(1296–1356)<br><small>Raised to:</small><br>'''Electorate of<br> Saxe-Wittenberg'''<br/>(1356–1422) 
| colspan=4 style="background: #def;" |'''Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg'''<br/>(1296–1303)
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #dde;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Molln--->
| colspan=2 style="background: #faa;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Bergdorf--->
| colspan=1 style="background: #eef;" |'''Duchy of<br>Saxe-Ratzeburg'''<br/>(1303–1315) 
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #dde;" | '''Duchy of<br>Saxe-Mölln'''<br/>(1303–1401)
| colspan=2 style="background: #faa;" | '''Duchy of<br>Saxe-Bergdorf'''<br/>(1303–1315)<br><small>Renamed as</small><br>'''Duchy of<br>Saxe-Ratzeburg'''<br/>(1315-1401)
|- 
| colspan=4 rowspan="2" style="background: #def;" |'''Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg'''<br/><small>(Ratzeburg line)</small><br>(1401–1689) 
|- 
|}

====Table of rulers====
<small>(Note: Both lines follow the numbering established in this table until 1296, when they were created. From 1296 on, each line follows independently the succession of Saxon dukes until 1296)</small>

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes
|- style="background:#fff;"
|[[Bernhard, Count of Anhalt|Bernard III]]||[[File:Bernhard von Sachsen.jpg|100px]]|||c.1134||1180–1212||2 February 1212||[[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]] || [[Brigitte of Denmark]]<br/>six children<br/><br/>[[Sophia of Thuringia]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Judith of Poland, Duchess of Saxony|Judith of Poland]]<br/>c.1173<br/>no children|| Also [[Ballenstedt|Count of Ballenstedt]] and [[Prince of Anhalt]]. Numberings starting with Ascanian rule or continuing after prior dukes of the same name. Father of the following.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|[[Albert I, Duke of Saxony|Albert I]]||[[File:Albrecht-I-von-Sachsen.jpg|100px]]|||c.1175||1212–1260||7 October 1260||[[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]] || [[Agnes of Babenberg, Duchess of Saxony|Agnes of Austria]]<br/>1222<br/>five children<br/><br/>[[Agnes of Thuringia]]<br/>1238<br/>three children<br/><br/>[[Helene of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<br/>1247<br/>five children|| Father of the following two dukes
|- style="background:#abc;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Albert II, Duke of Saxony|Albert II]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albrecht II. von Sachsen.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"|1250
|style="background:#fff;"|1260–1296
|rowspan="2"|25 August 1298
|style="background:#fff;"|[[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]] 
|rowspan="2"| [[Agnes of Habsburg, Duchess of Saxony|Agnes of Austria]]<br/>1282<br/>six children
|rowspan="3" style="background:#fff;"| Ruled jointly; and associated his nephews to the joint rulership after his brothers death. However, these three nephews divided the land with him. Albert II retained Saxe-Wittenberg, and became the head of the Elder Saxon Line; Albert III, Eric I and John II ruled together in Saxe-Lauenburg, becoming the founders of the Younger Saxon Line.
|- style="background:#abc;"
||1296–1298||[[Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg|Saxe-Wittenberg]]
|- style="background:#fff;"
|[[John I, Duke of Saxony|John I]]|||||1249||1260–1282||30 July 1285||[[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]] || [[Ingeborg Birgersdotter of Bjelbo|Ingeborg Birgersdotter of Sweden]]<br/>1270<br/>eight children
|- style="background:#fff;"
| align="center" colspan=8 | In 1296 Albert II and his nephews Albert III, Eric I, and John II ended their joint rule and divided Saxony into the Lauenburg line, where Albert III, Eric I, and John II continued to rule jointly until 1303, and the Wittenberg line, where Albert II continued as sole ruler until 1298. Since the Duke of Saxony was considered one of the [[prince-elector]]s electing a new [[Holy Roman Emperor]], conflict arose between the lines of Lauenburg and Wittenberg over the issue of who should cast Saxony's vote. In 1314 both lines found themselves on different sides in a double election. Eventually, the Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg succeeded in 1356 after the promulgation of the [[Golden Bull of 1356|Golden Bull]]. To distinguish him from other rulers bearing the title Duke of Saxony, he was commonly called ''[[Electorate of Saxony|Elector of Saxony]]''. 
|- style="background:#dde;"
|rowspan="2"|[[John II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|John II]]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|1275
|style="background:#def;"|1296–1303
|rowspan="2"|22 April 1322
|style="background:#def;"|[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]] 
|rowspan="2"| [[Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg]]<br/>1315<br/>one child
|rowspan="7"|Children of John I, co-ruled first with their uncle Albert II since 1282 (since the death of their father), and in 1296 split the land with him. They retained Lauenburg, which they divided once more. Albert passed the land to his widow, and after her death, in 1315,  the territory was realigned: Eric divided Bergdorf with his surviving brother and held all of his brother Albert's inheritance. However, he ended up abdicating to his son, and survived for most of his reign.
|- style="background:#dde;"
||1303–1322||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Mölln]]
|- style="background:#faa;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Eric I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric I]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:POSSE.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"|1280
|style="background:#def;"|1296–1303
|rowspan="2"|1360
|style="background:#def;"|[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]] 
|rowspan="2"| [[Elisabeth of Pomerania, Duchess of Saxony|Elisabeth of Pomerania]]<br/>1316 or 1318<br/>four children
|- style="background:#faa;"
||1303–1338||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Bergedorf]]<br><small>(1303-15)</small><br><br>[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Ratzeburg]]<br><small>(1315-38)</small>
|- style="background:#eff;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Albert III, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert III]]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|1281
|style="background:#def;"|1296-1303
|rowspan="2"|1308
|style="background:#def;"|[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]] 
|rowspan="2"| [[Margaret of Brandenburg|Margaret of Brandenburg-Salzwedel]]<br/>1302<br/>two children
|- style="background:#eff;"
||1303–1308||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Ratzeburg]]
|- style="background:#eff;"
|[[Margaret of Brandenburg|Margaret of Brandenburg-Salzwedel]]|||||1270||1308–1315||1 May 1315||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Ratzeburg]] || [[Przemysł II|Przemysł II, King of Poland]]<br/>1302<br/>two children<br/><br/>[[Albert III, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert III]]<br/>1302<br/>two children
|- style="background:#fff;"
| colspan=8 align="center"| In 1315, after the death of Margaret of Brandenburg, the remaining brothers Eric and John redesigned the political division in Saxe-Lauenburg; Eric retained all of Margaret's part, but had to give part of his original domains to his brother. 
|- style="background:#abc;"
||'''[[Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Rudolph I]]'''<br/>''(Rudolf I)''||[[File:Rudolf I Herzog von Sachsen.jpg|100px]]||1284||1298-1356 <br><br>10 January 1356 – 12 March 1356||12 March 1356||[[Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg|Saxe-Wittenberg]]<br><br>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''|| [[Jutta of Brandenburg]]<br/>1298<br/>eight children<br/><br/>[[Kunigunde of Poland]]<br/>28 August 1328<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin]]<br/>1333<br/>three children|| In January 1356 the [[Golden Bull of 1356|Golden Bull]] confirmed Rudolf I as the legitimate Saxon Prince-Elector, thus the rulers of Saxe-Wittenberg are conceived as Electors of Saxony.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|The [[Golden Bull of 1356]] confirmed the right to participate in the election of a [[Holy Roman Emperor]] to the Duke of Saxony in the Saxe-Wittenberg line.
|- style="background:#dde;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg]] (1322-1330)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#dde;"
|[[Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert IV]]||||1315||1322–1343||1343||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Mölln]] || [[Beata of Schwerin]]<br/>1334<br/>three child<br/><br/>[[Sophia of Mecklenburg-Werle-Güstrow]]<br/>1341<br/>no children
|- style="background:#faa;"
|[[Eric II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric II]]||||1318/20||1338–1368||1368||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Ratzeburg]] || [[Agnes of Holstein|Agnes of Holstein-Plön]]<br/>between 1342 and 1349<br/>four children||
|- style="background:#dde;"
|[[John III, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|John III]]||||c.1330||1343–1356||1356||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Mölln]] || ''Unmarried''|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother, Albert.
|- style="background:#dde;"
|[[Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Albert V]]||||c.1330||1356–1370||1370||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Mölln]] || [[Catherine of Mecklenburg-Werle-Güstrow]]<br/>25 January 1366<br/>no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother, Eric.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|'''[[Rudolf II, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Rudolph II the Blind]]''' <br/>''(Rudolf II. der Blinde)''||[[File:Herzog Rudolf II von Sachsen-Wittenberg.jpg|100px]]||1307||12 March 1356 – 6 December 1370||6 December 1370||[[Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg|Saxe-Wittenberg]] and '''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''|| '''[[Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress of Saxony|Elisabeth of Hesse]]'''<br/>Before 8 May 1336<br/>one child|| Left no descendants.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|'''[[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Wenceslaus I]]'''||[[File:Wenzel Herzog von Sachsen.jpg|100px]]||1337||6 December 1370 – 15 May 1388||15 May 1388|| [[Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg|Saxe-Wittenberg]] and '''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' ||'''[[Cecilia da Carrara]]'''<br/>23 January 1376<br/>six children|| Brother of his predecessor.
|- style="background:#dde;"
|[[Eric III, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric III]]||[[File:EricusDuxRatzeburg.JPG|100px]]||c.1330||1370–1401||1401||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Mölln]] || ''Unmarried''|| Determined to enter to clergy, has to resign to succeed his brothers. He also left no descendants, which allowed the Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line to reunite Saxe-Lauenburg.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|'''[[Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Rudolph III]]'''||[[File:Rudolf III Kurfürst von Sachsen (AT KHM GG4790).jpg|100px]]||1378||15 May 1388 – 11 June 1419||11 June 1419|| [[Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg|Saxe-Wittenberg]] and '''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' ||'''[[Anna of Meissen]]'''<br/>1387/89<br/>three children<br/><br/>'''[[Barbara of Legnica]]'''<br/>March 1396<br/>two children|| Left no male descendants. he was succeeded by his brother, Albert.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|colspan=8 align="center"| In 1401 Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg inherited Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln from the Ascanian Elder Lauenburg line there extinct upon Eric IV's death. The reunited duchy continued under the old name of Saxe-Lauenburg.
|- style="background:#def;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Eric IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric IV]]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|1354
|style="background:#faa;"|1368–1401
|rowspan="2"|21 June 1411/12
|style="background:#faa;"|[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Ratzeburg]] 
|rowspan="2"| [[Sophia of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Saxony|Sophia of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<br/>8 April 1373<br/>ten children
|rowspan="2"| In 1401 reunited Saxe-Lauenburg.
|- style="background:#def;"
||1401–1411/12||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Eric V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric V]]||||after 1373||1411/12–1436||1436||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Elisabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Elisabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg]]<br/>1404<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Elisabeth of Weinsberg]]<br/>before 1422<br/>one child
|rowspan="2"| Ruled jointly. The numbering here leads to some confusion, as not all genealogists of the House of Ascania count John IV in the list of dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg, numbering John V (John IV's nephew) as ''John IV''. 
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[John IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|John IV]]||||after 1373||1411/12–1414||1414||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#abc;"
|'''[[Albert III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Albert IV]]'''||[[File:Albrecht III., Elector, son of Wenzeslaus, died 1422 (AT KHM GG4791).jpg|100px]]||1375/80||11 June 1419 – (before 12 November) 1422||before 12 November 1422|| [[Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg|Saxe-Wittenberg]] and '''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' ||'''[[Euphemia of Oleśnica]]'''<br/>14 January 1420<br/>no children|| Left no male descendants, which led the Ascanian Saxe-Wittenberg line to extinction. 
|- style="background:#abc;"
|align="center" colspan=8|The Ascanian Dynasty continued in Saxe-Lauenburg until 1689, but after the Lauenburgish line had finally lost the Saxon Electorate to the Wittenberg line in 1356 and failed to obtain the succession in the Electorate after 1422, recognition of the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg as Dukes of Saxony waned. To follow the remnant House of Ascania in Saxe-Lauenburg, follow this table. For the following Electors of Saxony, see below the [[#House of Wettin|House of Wettin]].
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Bernard IV]]||||1385/93||1436–1463||16 July 1463||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Adelaide of Pomerania-Stolp]]<br/>1428<br/>two children||
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|John V]]||||18 July 1439||1463–1507||15 August 1507||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Dorothea of Brandenburg]]<br/>12 February 1464<br/>twelve children|| Sometimes numbered ''John IV''. He is sometimes confused with his uncle, John IV (Eric V and Bernard IV's brother) and a son of his own ([[John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg (prince-bishop)|John IV, Bishop of Hildesheim]]).
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus I]]||[[File:MagnusISaLauenb.JPG|100px]]||1 January 1470||1507–1543||1 August 1543||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg|Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>20 November 1509<br/>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>six children||
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis I]]||||1510||1543-1571||19 March 1581||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Sibylle of Saxony]]<br/>8 February 1540<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>nine children|| In 1571 – highly indebted – Francis I resigned in favour of his eldest son Magnus II, who had promised to redeem the pawned ducal demesnes with funds he gained as Swedish military commander and by his marriage to a Swedish princess.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus II]]||||1543||1571–1573||14 March 1603||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Princess Sophia of Sweden|Sophia of Sweden]]<br/>4 July 1568<br/>[[Stockholm]]<br/>one child|| Eldest son of Francis I. He didn't pay the debts he promised to pay and led to war with his father and brothers. Two years later they deposed Magnus II and Francis I re-ascended. Magnus' violent and judicial attempts to regain the duchy failed. In 1588 he was imprisoned for the remainder of his life.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis I]]||||1510||1573–1581||19 March 1581||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Sibylle of Saxony]]<br/>8 February 1540<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>nine children|| Regained the title in 1573, after pushing back Magnus II.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis II]]||[[File:Franz der 2. Herzog von Sachsen-Lauenburg.JPG|100px]]||10 August 1547||1581–1619||2 July 1619||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Margaret of Pomerania-Wolgast]]<br/>26 December 1574<br/>[[Wolgast]]<br/>four children<br/><br/>[[Maria of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>10 November 1582<br/>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>fourteen children|| Brother of Magnus II. Vice-regent from 1578, administrator from 1581. Joint rule with his brother Maurice between 1581 and 1612. Father of Augustus and Julius Henry.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Maurice]]||||1551||1581–1612||2 November 1612||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Katharina von Spörck]]<br/>1581<br/>''(annulled 1582)''<br/>no children|| Ruled jointly with his brother Francis II.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Augustus]]||||17 February 1577||1619–1656||18 January 1656||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Elisabeth Sofie of Holstein-Gottorp]]<br/>5 March 1621<br/>[[Husum]]<br/>six children<br/><br/>[[Catherine of Oldenburg]]<br/>4 June 1633<br/>no children|| Left no male descendants; he was succeeded by his half-brother Julius Henry.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Julius Henry]]||[[File:JuliusHendrikSaksenLauenburg.jpg|100px]]||9 April 1586||1656–1665||20 November 1665||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Anne of Ostfriesland|Anna of East Frisia]]<br/>17 March 1617<br/>[[Grabow]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Elisabeth Sophia of Brandenburg]]<br/>4 June 1633<br/>[[Toužim]]<br/>one son<br/><br/>[[Anna Magdalena of Lobkowicz]]<br/>18 August 1632<br/>[[Vienna]]<br/>six children||
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Francis Erdmann, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Francis Erdmann]]||||25 February 1629||1665–1666||30 July 1666||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[:de:Sibylle_Hedwig_von_Sachsen-Lauenburg|Sibylle Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg]]<br/>1654<br/>no children||Left no descendants; He was succeeded by his brother Julius Francis.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Julius Francis]]||[[File:JuliusFransSaksenLauenburg.jpg|100px]]||16 September 1641||1666–1689||30 September 1689||[[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg|Saxe-Lauenburg]]|| [[Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach]]<br/>9 April 1668<br/>[[Sulzbach-Rosenberg|Sulzbach]]<br/>two children|| 
|-
|}

The male line of the Saxe-Lauenburgish Ascanians was extinguished in 1689, after Julius Francis' death. In spite of having left two daughters to inherit the rights to the duchy, the [[House of Welf]] usurped the duchy, preventing the succession of the legitimate heiress, [[Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg]], and resucceeded with its Brunswick and Lunenburg-[[Principality of Lüneburg|Celle]] line. In fact, [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] was a great-great-grandson of [[Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Magnus I]] through his great-grandmother [[Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg]]. His descendants became [[List of British monarchs|Monarchs of Great Britain]] from 1714 on. In 1814, after being deposed by various occupations in the [[Napoleonic Wars]], George III's son, [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Regent George]] agreed to pass Saxe-Lauenburg to his Danish cousin in a general territorial realignment at the [[Congress of Vienna]]. This cousin was [[Frederick VI of Denmark]], who changed the official colours of Saxe-Lauenburg to red and gold. The duchy changed hands again when, in 1865, [[Christian IX of Denmark]] was deposed in [[Second Schleswig War]] and resigned by [[Treaty of Vienna (1864)|Treaty of Vienna]]; Saxe-Lauenburg passed to [[William I of Prussia]], to whom the [[Estates of the Realm|Estates]] of Saxe-Lauenburg offered the ducal throne. The coat-of-arms of Saxe-Lauenburg was changed to the colours red and silver, with a border in the Prussian colours of black and white. Both duke and estates decided to merge Saxe-Lauenburg into Prussia, as [[Herzogtum Lauenburg|district Duchy of Lauenburg]], with effect from 1 July 1876.

{{Electors of the Holy Roman Empire after 1356}}

===[[House of Wettin]]===
The Ascanian line of Saxe-Wittenberg became extinct with the death of Elector [[Albert III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Albert III]] in 1422, whereafter Emperor [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] bestowed the country and electoral dignity upon Margrave [[Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|Frederick IV of Meissen]], who had been a loyal supporter in the [[Hussite Wars]]. Late Albert's Ascanian relative Duke [[Eric V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Eric V of Saxe-Lauenburg]] protested in vain. Frederick, now one of the seven Prince-electors, was a member of the [[House of Wettin]], which since 1089 had ruled over the adjacent [[Margraviate of Meissen]] up the Elbe river, established under Emperor [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] in 965, and since 1242 also over the Landgraviate of [[Thuringia]]. Thus, in 1423, Saxe-Wittenberg, the Margraviate of Meissen and Thuringia were [[personal union|united under one ruler]], and the unified territory.
gradually received the name of (Upper) Saxony (or simply '''Saxony''').

====Partitions of Saxony under Wettin rule====

{|style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"
|+ 
|- 
| colspan=28 style="background: #eee;" |'''Electorate of Saxony'''<br/>(1422–1464)
|- 
| colspan=10  |'''''Albertine'' territories''' 
| colspan=18  |'''''Ernestine'' territories'''
|- 
| colspan=10 rowspan=2 style="background: #fff;" |''Albertine '' '''Duchy of Saxony'''<br/>(1464–1547)
| colspan=18 rowspan=1 style="background: #eee;" |''Ernestine'' '''Electorate of Saxony'''<br/>(1464–1547) 
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #def;" | '''Coburg'''<br/>(1542–53)
| colspan=9 rowspan=1 style="background: #eee;" |  &nbsp;
|- 
| colspan=10 rowspan=10 style="background: #eee;" |''Albertine'' '''Electorate of Saxony'''<br/>(1547–1806)
| colspan=16 rowspan=1 style="background: #fff;" |''Ernestine '' '''Duchy of Saxony'''<br/>(1547–1554)
|- 
| colspan=11 style="background: #fff;" |&nbsp;
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #abc;" |'''Coburg & Eisenach'''<br/>(1554–66)
| colspan=1 style="background: #cba;" |'''Gotha'''<br/>(1554–65)
| colspan=8 style="background: #bca;" |'''Weimar'''<br/>(1554–66)
|- 
| colspan=17 style="background: #fff;" |''Ernestine '' '''Duchy of Saxony'''<br/>(1566–72) 
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #abc;" |'''Coburg-Eisenach'''<br/>(1572–1638)<br><small>(Divided in <span style="background-color:#def;">'''Coburg'''</span> and <span style="background-color:#fed;">'''Eisenach'''</span> 1596–1633)</small> 
| colspan=9 rowspan=2 style="background: #bca;" |'''Weimar'''<br/>(1572–1741)
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #abc;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Coburg-Eisenach---> 
|- 
| colspan=6 rowspan=2 style="background: #bca;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Weimar---> 
| colspan=3 rowspan=6 style="background: #ec6;" |'''Altenburg'''<br/>(1603–1672)
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #abc;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Coburg-Eisenach---> 
|- 
| colspan=8 style="background: #bca;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Albertine Electorate---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #fed;" |<small>'''Eisenach'''<br/>(1640–44)</small>
| colspan=2 style="background: #bca;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Weimar--->
| colspan=4 rowspan=3 style="background: #cba;" |'''Gotha'''<br/>(1640–72) 
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan= 7 style="background: #eee;"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Albertine Electorate---> 
| colspan=2 rowspan=4 style="background: #dcf;" |'''Zeitz'''<br/>(1656–1718)
| colspan=3 rowspan=3 style="background: #daf;" |'''Merseburg'''<br/>(1656–1738)
| colspan=3 rowspan=3 style="background: #cfe;" |'''Weissenfels'''<br/>(1656–1746)<br><small>(Renamed '''Querfurt''' 1680–1739)</small>
| colspan=4 style="background: #bca;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Weimar---> 
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #fed;" |&nbsp;<!---Eisenach--->
| colspan=1 style="background: #ccaa76;" |<small>'''Marksuhl'''<br/>(1662–71)</small>
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #bca;" |&nbsp;<!---Weimar---> 
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #bac;" |<small>'''Jena'''<br/>(1662–90)</small>
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan=6 style="background: #fed;" |<small>'''Eisenach'''<br/>(1662-1741)</small>
| colspan=7 style="background: #fae;" |'''Gotha & Altenburg'''<br/>(1672–1826)
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #daa;" |<small>'''Merseburg-Lauchstädt'''<br/>(1684–90)</small>
| colspan=2 style="background: #daf;" |&nbsp;<!---Merseburg--->
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #cfe;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Querfurt--->
| colspan=1 rowspan=5 style="background: #cfc;" |<small>'''Weissenfels-Barby'''<br/>(1680–1739)</small>
| colspan=1 rowspan=8 style="background: #fae;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Gotha-Altenburg--->
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #dac;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Hildburghausen--->
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #cda;" |<small>'''Eisenberg'''<br/>(1675–1707) </small>
| colspan=1 rowspan=9 style="background: #aec;" |<small>'''Meiningen'''<br/>(1675–1918)</small>
| colspan=1 style="background: #bda;" |<small>'''Saalfeld'''<br/>(1675–99)</small>
| colspan=1 style="background: #def;" |<small>'''Coburg'''<br/>(1675–99)</small>
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #cea;" |<small>'''Römhild'''<br/>(1675–1710)</small>
|- 
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #dcf;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Zeitz--->
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #dcc;" |<small>'''Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt'''<br/>(1699–1713)</small>
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #ada;" |<small>'''Merseburg-Zörbig'''<br/>(1691–1715)</small>
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #daf;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Merseburg--->
| colspan=1 rowspan=4 style="background: #add;" |<small>'''Merseburg-Spremberg'''<br/>(1694–1731)</small>
| colspan=2 rowspan=4 style="background: #bca;" |&nbsp;<!---Weimar---> 
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #ff9;" |<small>'''Coburg-Saalfeld'''<br/>(1699–1826)</small>
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #efe;" |<small>'''Weissenfels-Dahme'''<br/>(1711–15)</small>
| colspan=1 style="background: #cfe;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Querfurt---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #dcf;" |&nbsp;<!---Zeitz--->
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #daf;" |&nbsp;<!---Merseburg--->
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #cfe;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Querfurt---> 
| colspan=2 rowspan=6 style="background: #dac;" |<small>'''Hildburghausen'''<br/>(1675–1826) <small>renamed</small><br/>'''Altenburg'''<br/>(1826–1918) </small>
| colspan=3 rowspan=5 style="background: #ff9;" |&nbsp;<!---Coburg-Saalfeld--->
|- 
| colspan=4 style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Albertine Electorate---> 
|- 
| colspan=7 style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Albertine Electorate---> 
| colspan=3 style="background: #cfe;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Weissenfels--->
| colspan=4 rowspan=4 style="background: #6cf;" |'''Weimar-Eisenach'''<br/>(1741–1918)<br/><small>(Personal union between 1741 and 1809<br/>Elevated to '''Grand Duchy''' 1815)</small>
|- 
| colspan=10 style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Albertine Electorate---> 
|- 
| colspan=10 rowspan=1 style="background: #fff;" |'''Kingdom of Saxony'''<br/>(1806–1918)
|- 
| colspan=7 rowspan=1 style="background: #fff;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Kingdom--->
| colspan=3 style="background: #eee;" |<small>'' ''Prussian'' Province of Saxony''<br/>(1815–1918)</small>
| colspan=3 style="background: #dac;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Altenburg--->
| colspan=3 style="background: #ff9;" |'''Coburg-Gotha'''<br/>(1826–1918)
|-
|}

====Table of rulers====

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|Frederick I ''the Warlike'']]'''<br/>''(Friedrich der Streitbare)''||[[File:Friedrich I. von Sachsen, 1370-1428 (AT KHM GG4792).jpg|80px]]|||11 April 1370||6 January 1423 – 4 January 1428||4 January 1428||[[Duchy of Saxony]] and '''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' || '''[[Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]'''<br/>7 February 1402<br/>seven children|| After the Wittenberg line of the Ascanians became extinct, the Electorate was given to Frederick, [[Margrave]] of [[Meissen]] and Landgrave of [[Thuringia]], of the [[House of Wettin]].
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Frederick II, Elector of Saxony|Frederick II ''the Gentle'']]'''<br/>''(Friedrich der Sanftmütige)''||[[File:Friedrich II. der Sanftmütige, Kurfürst von Sachsen (AT KHM GG4793).jpg|80px]]||22 April 1412||4 January 1428 – 7 September 1464||7 September 1464||[[Duchy of Saxony]] and '''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' || '''[[Margaret of Austria, Electress of Saxony|Margaret of Austria]]'''<br/>3 June 1431<br/>[[Leipzig]]<br/>eight children|| Son of Frederick I. Ruled jointly in Saxony with his brothers, but was the sole holder of the Electorate. Father of Ernest and Albert, founders of the Ernestine and Albertine Saxon lines.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Ernest, Elector of Saxony|Ernest I]]'''<br/>''(Ernst)''||[[File:Ernst Kurfürst von Sachsen, 1441-1486 (AT KHM GG4795).jpg|80px]]||24 March 1441||7 September 1464 – 26 August 1486||26 August 1486|| ''Ernestine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' || '''[[Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony|Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich]]'''<br/>25 November 1460<br/>[[Leipzig]]<br/>seven children|| Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the '''Ernestine line''' of Saxon princes.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|[[Albert III, Duke of Saxony|Albert III ''the Bold'']]||[[File:Albrecht der Beherzte, 1443-1500 (AT KHM GG4796).jpg|80px]]||27 January 1443||1464–1500||12 September 1500||''Albertine''<br/>[[Duchy of Saxony]]|| [[Sidonie of Poděbrady]]<br/>11 November 1464<br/>[[Cheb]]<br/>nine children|| Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the '''Albertine line''' of Saxon princes.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Frederick III, Elector of Saxony|Frederick III ''the Wise'']]'''<br/>''(Friedrich der Weise)''||[[File:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 097.jpg|80px]]||17 January 1463||26 August 1486 – 5 May 1525||5 May 1525|| ''Ernestine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' || ''Unmarried''|| Son of Ernest. Protector of [[Martin Luther]], but a lifelong Catholic. Left no male descendants. Ruled jointly with his brother [[John, Elector of Saxony|John]], who succeeded him.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|[[George, Duke of Saxony|George I ''the Bearded'']]||[[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Bildnis des Herzogs Georg von Sachsen (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin).jpg|80px]]||27 August 1471||1500–1539||17 April 1539||''Albertine''<br/>[[Duchy of Saxony]]|| [[Barbara Jagiellon|Barbara of Poland]]<br/>21 November 1496<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>ten children|| Proponent of Catholic Reform and a staunch opponent of Martin Luther. Left no surviving male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Henry.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[John, Elector of Saxony|John I ''the Steadfast'']]'''<br/>''(Johann der Beständige)''||[[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Kurfürst Johann der Beständige von Sachsen.jpg|80px]]||30 June 1468||5 May 1525 – 16 August 1532||16 August 1532|| ''Ernestine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]''' ||[[Sophie of Mecklenburg (1481–1503)|Sophie of Mecklenburg]]<br/>1 March 1500<br/>[[Torgau]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen]]<br/>13 November 1513<br/>[[Torgau]]<br/>four children|| Co-regent of his brother Frederick III (26 August 1486 – 5 May 1525), with his own residence at Weimar since 1513. Established [[Lutheranism]] in his territories in 1527. 
|- style="background:#eee;"
|rowspan="2" | '''[[John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony|John Frederick I ''the Magnanimous'']]'''<br/>''(Johann Friedrich I der Großmütige)'' ||rowspan="2" | [[File:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 044.jpg|80px]]||rowspan="2" |  30 June 1503||16 August 1532 – 19 May 1547||rowspan="2" | 3 March 1554||''Ernestine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||rowspan="2" | '''[[Sibylle of Cleves]]'''<br/>9 February 1527<br/>[[Torgau]]<br/>four children||rowspan="2" | Lost his Electoral dignity and territory to his cousin Maurice after being defeated by the Emperor in the [[Schmalkaldic War]]. He was left with some territories as the Duchy of Saxony. After his death the Duchy of Saxony was divided between his three sons.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|| 19 May 1547 – 1554|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Duchy of Saxony]]
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|John Ernest I]]||[[File:Johann-Ernst-von-Sachsen-Coburg.tif|80px]]||10 May 1521||16 August 1532 – 8 February 1553||8 February 1553|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]]||[[Catherine of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]]<br/>12 February 1542<br/>[[Torgau]]<br/>no children|| Until 1542, John Ernest was co-regent of his brother, Elector John Frederick I. When John Frederick decided to rule alone, he created the Duchy of [[Saxe-Coburg]] for his brother. After his death without descendants, the land reverted to John Frederick.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|[[Henry IV, Duke of Saxony|Henry IV ''the Pious'']]||[[File:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 042.jpg|80px]]||16 March 1473||1539–1541||18 August 1541||''Albertine''<br/>[[Duchy of Saxony]]|| [[Catherine of Mecklenburg]]<br/>69 January 1541<br/>[[Marburg]]<br/>nine children|| Succeeded his brother George I. He established Lutheranism in Albertine Saxony.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|rowspan="2" | '''[[Maurice, Elector of Saxony|Maurice I]]'''<br/>''(Moritz)'' ||rowspan="2" | [[File:Moritz Sachsen.JPG|80px]]||rowspan="2" |  21 March 1521||1541–1547||rowspan="2" | 9 July 1553||''Albertine''<br/>[[Duchy of Saxony]]||rowspan="2" | [[Agnes of Hesse]]<br/>9 January 1541<br/>[[Marburg]]<br/>two children||rowspan="2" | Second cousin of John Frederick, grandson of [[Albert III, Duke of Saxony|Albert]]. Though a Lutheran, allied with [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] against the [[Schmalkaldic League]]. Gained the Electorate for the Albertine line in 1547 after Charles V's victory at the [[Battle of Mühlberg]]. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Augustus.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|| 4 June 1547 – 9 July 1553 || ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''
|- style="background:#fff;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Following their displacement by the Albertines, the Ernestine branch of the Wettins continued to rule in southern Thuringia as "Dukes of Saxony", but their lands eventually split up into many different tiny ''Ernestine duchies''.
|- style="background:#eee;"
||'''[[Augustus I, Elector of Saxony|Augustus I]]'''<br/>''(August)''||[[File:Lucas Cranach d. J. 004.jpg|80px]]||31 July 1526||9 July 1553 – 11 February 1586||11 February 1586|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony|Anna of Denmark]]'''<br/>7 October 1548<br/>[[Torgau]]<br/>fifteen children<br/><br/>'''[[Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt]]'''<br/>3 January 1586<br/>[[Dessau]]<br/>no children
|| Brother of Maurice. Recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick I in 1554. From 1573 he was also regent for Frederick William, in the Ernestine duchy of Saxe-Weimar.
|- bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony|John Frederick II]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Johann Friedrich II., Herzog Sachsen-Gotha (AT KHM GG4803).jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|8 January 1529
| style="background:#abc;"|1554–1565
|rowspan="2"|19 May 1595
| style="background:#abc;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]] [[Saxe-Eisenach|-Eisenach]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Agnes of Hesse]]<br/>26 May 1555<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim|Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim]]<br/>12 June 1558<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>four children
|rowspan="2"| Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha. In 1566 abdicated in favor of his brother John William, who reunited the duchy.
|- bgcolor=
||1565–1566|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]] [[Saxe-Eisenach|-Eisenach]] and [[Saxe-Gotha]]
|- style="background:#cba;"
|[[John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony|John Frederick III ''the Younger'']]||[[File:Johann Friedrich III. der Jüngere, 1538-1565 (AT KHM GG4805).jpg|80px]]||16 January 1538||1554–1565||21 October 1565|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha]]||''Unmarried''|| Received Saxe-Gotha. However he left its administration to his elder brothers. After his death, his domains were annexed by his elder brother.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|rowspan="3"|[[Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|John William I]]
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Johann Wilhelm, Herzog Sachsen-Weimar (AT KHM GG4804).jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="3"|11 March 1530
|style="background:#bca;"|1554–1566
|rowspan="3"|2 March 1573
|style="background:#bca;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Dorothea Susanne of Simmern|Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern]]<br/>15 June 1560<br/>[[Heidelberg]]<br/>five children
|rowspan="3"| Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha. Reunited Saxony in 1566, after the abdication of his older brother. In 1572, the [[Division of Erfurt]] divided Saxony once again, between John William and his nephews, sons of John Frederick II. He received once more Saxe-Weimar. 
|- style="background:#fff;"
||1566–1572|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Duchy of Saxony]]
|- style="background:#bca;"
||1572–1573||''Ernestine''<br/> [[Saxe-Weimar]]
|- bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|John Casimir]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Johan Casimir von Sachsen-Coburg.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|12 June 1564
|style="background:#abc;"|1572–1596
|rowspan="2"|16 July 1633
|style="background:#abc;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]] [[Saxe-Eisenach|-Eisenach]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Anna of Saxony (1567–1613)|Anna of Saxony]]<br/>16 January 1586<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<br/>16 September 1599<br/>[[Coburg]]<br/>no children
|rowspan="5"| Sons of John Frederick II, ruled jointly. In 1596 divided the land. John Casimir received Saxe-Coburg and John Ernest received Saxe-Eisenach. In 1633 John Casimir died without descendants and John Ernest reunited again Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach. However, as he also didn't have heirs, the duchies were divided between its neighbours Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#def;"
||1596–1633|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]]
|- bgcolor=
|rowspan="3"|[[John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|John Ernest I]]
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Johann Ernst (Sachsen-Eisenach).jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="3"|9 July 1566
|style="background:#abc;"|1572–1596
|rowspan="3"|23 October 1638
|style="background:#abc;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]] [[Saxe-Eisenach|-Eisenach]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort]]<br/>23 November 1591<br/>[[Wiener Neustadt]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Christine of Hesse-Kassel (1578–1658)|Christine of Hesse-Kassel]]<br/>14 May 1598<br/>[[Rotenburg an der Fulda]]<br/>no children
|- style="background:#fed;"
||1596–1633|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]
|- style="background:#abc;"
||1633–1638|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]] [[Saxe-Eisenach|-Eisenach]]
|- style="background:#abc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours [[Saxe-Altenburg]] and [[Saxe-Weimar]]''

|- style="background:#bca;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Augustus I, Elector of Saxony]] (1573-1586)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|After his death, his brother took the land and in the next year divided it with his nephews (sons of Frederick William).
|- style="background:#bca;"
|[[Frederick Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|Frederick William I]]||[[File:Frederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.jpg|80px]]||25 April 1562||1573–1602||7 July 1602|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]||[[Sophie of Württemberg, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar|Sophie of Württemberg]]<br/>5 May 1583<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>six children<br/><br/>[[Countess Palatine Anna Maria of Neuburg|Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg]]<br/>9 September 1591<br/>[[Neuburg an der Donau]]<br/>six children
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Christian I, Elector of Saxony|Christian I]]'''<br/>''(Christian I)''||[[File:Christian I of Saxony.jpg|80px]]||29 October 1560||11 February 1586 – 25 September 1591||25 September 1591|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Sophie of Brandenburg]]'''<br/>25 April 1582<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>seven children||
|- style="background:#eee;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of '''[[Sophie of Brandenburg]]''' (1591-1601)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Christian II, Elector of Saxony|Christian II]]'''<br/>''(Christian II)''||[[File:Kurfürst Christian II. von Sachsen (Porträt).jpg|80px]]||23 September 1583||25 September 1591 – 23 June 1611||23 June 1611|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Hedwig of Denmark]]'''<br/>12 September 1602<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>no children
|- style="background:#bca;"
|[[Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|John II]]||[[File:Johann of Saxe-Weimar-Jena.jpg|80px]]||22 May 1570||1602–1605||18 July 1605|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]||[[Dorothea Maria of Anhalt]]<br/>7 January 1593<br/>[[Altenburg]]<br/>twelve children||Divided Saxe-Weimar with his nephews in 1603, retaining a smaller Saxe-Weimar (sometimes called Saxe-Weimar-Jena).
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|[[Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|John Philip]]||[[File:Johann PhilippSaAlt.jpg|80px]]||25 January 1597||1603–1639|| 1 April 1639|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||[[Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg|Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>25 October 1618<br/>[[Altenburg]]<br/>one child
|rowspan="3"|Received and ruled jointly the newly created Saxe-Altenburg, after the partition of 1603. None of them had male descendants.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|[[Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg|Frederick]]||[[File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 171 2.jpg|80px]]||12 February 1599||1603–1625||24 October 1625|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|[[Duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxe-Altenburg|John William]]||||13 April 1600||1603–1632||2 December 1632|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#bca;"
|[[John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|John Ernest I]]||[[File:Johann Ernst I. von Sachsen-Weimar cropped.jpg|80px]]||21 February 1594
||1605–1626||6 December 1626|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]||''Unmarried''
|rowspan="8"|Sons of John IV, ruled jointly. In 1640 divided the land. William kept Saxe-Weimar. In 1644 William reunited his own domains with Albert's. After William's death his domains were divided by his four sons. On the other hand, Ernest inherited Saxe-Gotha and reunited it with his wife's (as heiress of Saxe-Altenburg).
|- bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|William I ''the Great'']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 171 3.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|11 April 1598
|style="background:#bca;"|1626–1644
|rowspan="2"|17 May 1662
|style="background:#bca;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau]]<br/> 23 May 1625<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>nine children
|- bgcolor=
||1644–1662|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]] and [[Saxe-Eisenach]]
|- bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|Albert IV]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Albrecht von Sachsen-Eisenach.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|27 July 1599
|style="background:#bca;"|1605–1640
|rowspan="2"|20 December 1644
|style="background:#bca;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg]]<br/>24 June 1633<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>no children
|- style="background:#fed;"
||1640–1644|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach|Saxe (-Weimar) -Eisenach]]
|- bgcolor=
|rowspan="3"|[[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha|Ernest I ''the Pious'']]
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Ernest I, duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="3"|25 December 1601
|style="background:#bca;"|1605–1640
|rowspan="3"|26 March 1675
|style="background:#bca;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg]]<br/>24 October 1636<br/>[[Altenburg]]<br/>eighteen children
|- style="background:#cba;"
||1640–1672|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha|Saxe (-Weimar) -Gotha]]
|- style="background:#fae;"
||1672–1675|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[John George I, Elector of Saxony|John George I]]'''<br/>''(Johann Georg I)''||[[File:Johann Georg I Saxony.jpg|80px]]||5 March 1585||23 June 1611 – 8 October 1656||8 October 1656|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||[[Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg]]<br/>16 September 1604<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>'''[[Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia|Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia]]'''<br/>19 July 1607<br/>[[Torgau]]<br/>ten children|| Brother of Christian II, ruled during the [[Thirty Years' War]], during which he was at times allied with the [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] and at times with the [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|King of Sweden]].
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|[[Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Frederick William II]]||[[File:Frederick Wilhelm II Saxe-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]||12 February 1602||1639–1669||22 April 1669|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||[[Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg]]<br/>18 September 1638<br/>[[Altenburg]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony]]<br/>11 October 1652<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>three children|| Brother of John Philip, Frederick and John William. Succeeded his childless brothers. Received part of Saxe-Weimar-Eiesnach in 1638.
|- style="background:#eee;"
||'''[[John George II, Elector of Saxony|John George II]]'''<br/>''(Johann Georg II)''||[[File:Johan Georg II Johann Fink, vor 1675.jpg|80px]]||31 May 1613||8 October 1656 – 22 August 1680||22 August 1680|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth|Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]'''<br/>13 November 1638<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>three children||Elector, he also served as regent in Saxe-Altenburg for Frederick William III. The minor duke never reached adulthood. 
|- style="background:#cfe;"
|[[Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|Augustus I]]||[[File:August, Herzog von Sachsen-Weißenfels a.jpg|80px]]||13 August 1614||1656–1680||4 June 1680|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels]]||[[Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]<br/>23 November 1647 <br/>[[Schwerin]]<br/>twelve children<br/><br/>[[Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg]]<br/>29 January 1672<br/>[[Halle (Saale)|Halle]]<br/>three children||Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Weissenfels. After his death, Weissenfels was divided.
|- style="background:#daf;"
|[[Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg|Christian I]]||[[File:Christian I. von Sachsen-Merseburg 1.jpg|80px]]||27 October 1615||1656–1691||18 October 1691|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg]]||[[Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]<br/>19 November 1650<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>eleven children||Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Merseburg.
|- style="background:#dcf;"
|[[Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz|Maurice I]]||[[File:Moritz, Herzog von Sachsen-Zeitz 1.jpg|80px]]||28 March 1619||1662–1681||4 December 1681|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Zeitz]]||[[Sophie Hedwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]<br/>19 November 1650<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>two children<br/><br/>[[Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz|Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar]]<br/>3 July 1656<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>ten children<br/><br/>[[Sophie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg]]<br/>14 June 1676<br/>[[Wiesenburg]]<br/>no children||Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Zeitz.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|[[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena|Bernard II]]||[[File:Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena.jpg|80px]]|| 14 October 1638||1662–1678||3 May 1678|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Jena]]||[[Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille]]<br/>10 June 1662<br/>[[Paris]]<br/>five children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Jena.
|- style="background:#bca;"
||[[John Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|John Ernest II]]||[[File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 177 1.jpg|80px]]||11 September 1627||1662–1683||15 May 1683|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]||[[Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg|Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg]]<br/>14 August 1656<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>five children||Son of William I. Received the remaining Saxe-Weimar. He also served as regent for his nephew, John William of Saxe-Jena.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|[[Adolf William, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|Adolf William]]||[[File:Adolph Wilhelm Sachen-Eisenach C. Richter@Weimar Schlossmuseum.JPG|80px]]||15 May 1632||1662–1668||21 November 1668|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]||[[Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>18 January 1663<br/>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>five children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Eisenach.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|John George I, Duke of Saxe-Marksuhl]] (1668-1671)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Died as a minor. His uncle, as regent, inherited his domain.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|[[William August, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|William August]]||||30 November 1668||1668–1671||23 February 1671||''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#fed;"
|rowspan="2"|[[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|John George I]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|11 April 1598
|style="background:#ccaa76;"|1662–1671
|rowspan="2"|17 May 1662
|style="background:#ccaa76;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Marksuhl]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1632-1701)|Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein]]<br/> 29 May 1661<br/>[[Wallau]]<br/>nine children
|rowspan="2"|Son of William I. Received Saxe-Marksuhl. He also served as regent for his nephew William August in Saxe-Eisenach, but after his nephew's death in 1671, he inherited it himself, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach. From 1683 he also became regent for another nephew, John William III, in Saxe-Jena.
|- style="background:#fed;"
||1671–1686|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]
|- style="background:#ccaa76;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Marksuhl merged in [[Saxe-Eisenach]]'' 
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[John George II, Elector of Saxony]] (1669-1672)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Son of Frederick William II. Died as a minor. His lands were divided between Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|[[Friedrich Wilhelm III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Frederick William III]]||[[File:Friedrich Wilhelm III, duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1657-1672), by German School of 1662.jpg|80px]]||12 July 1657||1669–1672||14 April 1672|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Altenburg merged in [[Saxe-Gotha]] to form [[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]''
|- style="background:#fae;"
|[[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Frederick I]]||[[File:Frederick I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]||15 July 1646||1675–1691||2 August 1691|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]||[[Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels]]<br/>14 November 1669<br/>[[Halle (Saale)|Halle]]<br/>eight children<br/><br/>[[Christine of Baden-Durlach]]<br/>14 August 1681<br/>[[Ansbach]]<br/>no children||Son of Ernest I. Received Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
|- style="background:#def;"
|[[Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|Albert V]]||[[File:Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg.jpg|80px]]||24 May 1648||1675–1699||6 August 1699|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg]]||[[Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>18 July 1676<br/>[[Gotha]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>''[[Susanne Elisabeth Kempinsky]]''<br/>24 May 1688<br/>[[Coburg]]<br/><small>''(morganatic)''</small><br/>no children||Son of Ernest I. Received Saxe-Coburg. Left no male descendants. His lands were annexed by Saafeld.
|- style="background:#def;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Coburg merged in [[Saxe-Saalfeld]] to form [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]''
|- style="background:#aec;
||[[Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernard I]]||[[File:BernhardIsamei.JPG|80px]]||10 September 1649||1675–1706||27 April 1706|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br/>20 November 1671<br/>[[Gotha]]<br/>seven children<br/><br/>[[Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>25 January 1681<br/>[[Schöningen]]<br/>five children||Son of Ernest I. Received Saxe-Meiningen. He also served as regent, together with his brother Henry, for their nephew, Frederick II, in Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
|- style="background:#cea;"
||[[Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild|Henry]]||[[File:Heinrich von Sachsen-Weißenfels-Barby b.jpg|80px]]||19 November 1650||1675–1710||13 May 1710|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Römhild]]||[[Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br/>1 March 1676<br/>[[Darmstadt]]<br/>no children||Son of Ernest I. Received Saxe-Römhild. Left no descendants and his lands were annexed to Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. He also served as regent, together with his brother Henry, for their nephew, Frederick II.
|- style="background:#cea;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Römhild was annexed by [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]''
|- style="background:#cda;"
|[[Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg|Christian]]||[[File:1653 Christian.jpg|80px]]||6 January 1653||1675–1707||28 April 1707|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenberg]]||[[Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg]]<br/>13 February 1677<br/>[[Merseburg]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br/>9 February 1681<br/>[[Darmstadt]]<br/>no children||Son of Ernest I. Received Saxe-Eisenberg. Left no male descendants and his lands were annexed to Saxe-Hildburghausen.
|- style="background:#cda;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Eisenberg was annexed by [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]''
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Ernest I]]||[[File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 175 2.jpg|80px]]||12 June 1655||1675–1715||17 October 1715|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]||[[Sophie of Waldeck]]<br/>30 November 1680<br/>[[Arolsen]]<br/>eighteen children||Son of Ernest I of Saxe-Gotha. Received Saxe-Hildburghausen.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|rowspan="2"|[[John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|John Ernest]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Johann Ernst of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|22 August 1658
|style="background:#bda;"|1675–1699
|rowspan="2"|17 February 1729
|style="background:#bda;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Saalfeld]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg]]<br/>18 February 1680<br/>[[Merseburg]]<br/>five children<br/><br/>[[Countess Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen|Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen]]<br/>2 December 1690<br/>[[Maastricht]]<br/>eight children
|rowspan="2"|Son of Ernest I. Received Saxe-Saafeld. In 1699 reunified it with Saxe-Coburg, forming Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
||1699–1729|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]
|- style="background:#bac;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regencies of [[John Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar]] (1678-83), [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach]] (1683-86) and [[William Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar]] (1686-90)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Son of Bernard II. Died as a minor.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|[[Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Jena|John William]]||||28 March 1675||1678–1690||4 November 1690|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Jena]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#bac;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours [[Saxe-Eisenach]] and [[Saxe-Weimar]]''
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[John George III, Elector of Saxony|John George III]]'''<br/>''(Johann Georg III)''||[[File:1647 Johann Georg.JPG|80px]]||20 June 1647||22 August 1680 – 12 September 1691||12 September 1691|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark|Anna Sophie of Denmark]]'''<br/>9 October 1666<br/>[[Copenhagen]]<br/>two children||
|- style="background:#cfe;"
|[[Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|John Adolph I]]||[[File:Johann Adolf I. von Sachsen-Weißenfels (a).jpg|80px]]||2 November 1649||1680–1697||24 May 1697|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt]]||[[Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg]]<br/>25 October 1671 <br/>[[Altenburg]]<br/>eleven children<br/><br/>''[[Christiane Wilhelmine of Bünau]]''<br/>3 February 1692 <br/>[[Querfurt]]<br/>''(morganatic)''<br/>eleven children||Inherited the remaining Saxe-Weissenfels. 
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|[[Heinrich of Saxe-Weissenfels, Count of Barby|Henry]]||[[File:Heinrich von Sachsen-Römhild.jpg|80px]]||29 September 1657||1680–1728||16 February 1728|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby]]||[[Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Anhalt-Dessau|Elisabeth Albertine of Anhalt-Dessau]]<br/>30 March 1686 <br/>[[Dessau]]<br/>seven children||Inherited Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby.
|- style="background:#dcf;"
|[[Moritz Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz|Maurice William]]||[[File:Maurice Wilhelm Saxe-Zeitz.jpg|80px]]||12 March 1664||1681–1718||15 November 1718|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Zeitz]]||[[Marie Amalie of Brandenburg]]<br/> 25 June 1689<br/>[[Potsdam]]<br/>five children||Left no descendants. After his death Saxe-Zeitz merged in the Electorate.
|- style="background:#dcf;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Zeitz merged in the [[Electorate of Saxony]]''
|- style="background:#bca;"
||[[William Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|William Ernest I]]||[[File:1662 Wilhelm Ernst.jpg|80px]]||19 October 1662||1683–1728||26 August 1728|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]||[[Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena]]<br/>2 November 1683<br/>[[Eisenach]]<br/>no children
|rowspan="2"| Ruled jointly. John Ernest was just a nominal ruler; William Ernest had full government. William Ernest also served as regent for his cousin, John William, in Saxe-Jena.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|[[Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|John Ernest III]]||[[File:Johann Ernst by Schenk.jpg|80px]]||22 June 1664||1683–1707||10 May 1707|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]||[[Princess Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst|Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br/>11 October 1685<br/>[[Zerbst]]<br/>five children<br/><br/>[[Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg|Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg]]<br/>4 November 1694<br/>[[Kassel]]<br/>four children
|- style="background:#daa;"
|[[Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt|Philip]]||[[File:Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt.jpg|80px]]||26 October 1657||1684–1690||1 July 1690|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg|Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt]]||[[Eleonore Sophie of Saxe-Weimar]]<br/>9 July 1684<br/>[[Weimar]]<br/>two children<br/><br/>[[Louise Elisabeth of Württemberg-Oels]]<br/>17 August 1688<br/>[[Bierutów|Bernstadt]]<br/>one child|| Son of Christian. Received from his father the town of Lauchstädt, and ruled it in his father's lifetime. After his death his land returned to is father.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|[[John George II, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|John George II]]||[[File:Zweidritteltaler-1690-Eisenach-av.jpg|80px]]||24 July 1665||1686–1698||10 November 1698||''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]||[[Sophie Charlotte of Württemberg]]<br/>20 September 1688<br/>[[Kirchheim unter Teck]]<br/>no children||Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[John George IV, Elector of Saxony|John George IV]]'''<br/>''(Johann Georg IV)''||[[File:Jan Jerzy IV 4.jpg|80px]]||18 October 1668||12 September 1691 – 27 April 1694||27 April 1694|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach|Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]'''<br/>17 April 1692<br/>[[Leipzig]]<br/>no children||
|- style="background:#daf;"
|[[Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg|Christian II]]||||19 November 1653||1691–1694||20 October 1694|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg]]||[[Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz]]<br/>14 October 1679<br/>[[Moritzburg, Saxony|Moritzburg]]<br/>seven children||
|- style="background:#ada;"
|[[August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig|Augustus]]||||15 February 1655||1691–1715||27 March 1715|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg|Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig]]||[[Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow]]<br/>1 December 1686<br/>[[Güstrow]]<br/>eight children|| Son of Christian. Received from his brother the town of Zörbig. Left no male descendants. His lands returned to Saxe-Merseburg.
|- style="background:#ada;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig merged in [[Saxe-Merseburg]]''
|- style="background:#fae;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regencies of [[Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] and [[Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild]] (1691-1693)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#fae;"
|[[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Frederick II]]
||[[File:Christian Schilbach - Porträt des Herzogs Friedrich II. von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]||28 July 1676||1691–1732||23 March 1732|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]||[[Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br/>7 June 1696<br/>[[Gotha]]<br/>nineteen children
|- style="background:#eee;"
||'''[[Augustus II the Strong|Frederick Augustus I ''the Strong'']]'''<br/>''(Friedrich August I)''||[[File:Aŭgust Mocny. Аўгуст Моцны (H. Rodakowski, XIX).jpg|80px]]||12 May 1670||27 April 1694 – 1 February 1733||1 February 1733|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]'''<br/>20 January 1693<br/>[[Bayreuth]]<br/>one child|| Brother of John George IV. Converted to Catholicism 1697 in order to compete for the crown of Poland. Took the Polish crown 1697, opposed by [[Stanisław Leszczyński]], in 1704, forced to renounce the throne 1706, returned as monarch 1709 until his death. He also served as regent on behalf of Dukes Christian Maurice, and Maurice Wilhelm in Saxe-Merseburg.
|- style="background:#daf;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regencies of [[Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz]] and [[Augustus II the Strong|Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony]] (1694-1712)''</small>
|rowspan="3"| Both brothers left no descendants. Maurice William was succeeded by his uncle, Henry.
|- style="background:#daf;"
|[[Christian III Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg|Christian III Maurice]]||||7 November 1680||1694||14 November 1694|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#daf;"
|[[Maurice Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg|Maurice William]]||[[File:Moritz Wilhelm, Herzog von Sachsen-Merseburg 2.JPG|80px]]||5 February 1688||1694–1731||21 April 1731|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg]]||[[Countess Henriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein|Henriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein]]<br/>4 November 1711<br/>[[Istein]]<br/>one child
|- 
|rowspan="2"|[[Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg|Henry]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Heinrich von Sachsen-Merseburg 1.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|2 September 1661
|style="background:#add;"|1694–1731
|rowspan="2"|28 July 1738
|style="background:#add;"| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg|Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow]]<br/>29 March 1692<br/>[[Güstrow]]<br/>three children
|rowspan="2"| Son of Christian. Received from his brother the town of Spremberg. In 1731 succeeded in Saxe-Merseburg, reuniting its original lands with those he unexpectedly inherited. Left no descendants and Saxe-Merseburg merged in the Electorate of Saxony.
|- style="background:#daf;"
||1731–1738|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Merseburg]]
|- style="background:#add;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg merged in [[Saxe-Merseburg]]'' 
|- style="background:#daf;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Merseburg merged in the [[Electorate of Saxony]]''
|- style="background:#cfe;"
|[[Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|John George]]||[[File:Johann Georg Saxe-Weissenfels.jpg|80px]]||13 July 1677||1697–1712||16 March 1712|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt]]||[[Fredericka Elisabeth of Saxe-Eisenach]]<br/>7 January 1698 <br/>[[Jena]]<br/>seven children||Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Christian.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|[[John William III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|John William III]]||[[File:Feuerlein - Duke Johann Wilhelm of Saxony-Eisenach.png|80px]]||17 October 1666||1698–1729||14 January 1729||''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]||[[Amalie of Nassau-Dietz]]<br/>28 November 1690<br/>[[Oranjewoud]]<br/>two children<br/><br/>[[Christine Juliane of Baden-Durlach]]<br/>27 February 1697<br/>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>seven children<br/><br/>[[Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels (1673–1726)|Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels]]<br/> 28 July 1708<br/>[[Weissenfels]]<br/>three children<br/><br/>[[Marie Christine Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim]]<br/>29 May 1727<br/>[[Hanau]]<br/>no children||
|- style="background:#dcc;"
|[[Frederick Henry, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt|Frederick Henry]]||[[File:Friedrich Heinrich (Sachsen-Zeitz).jpg|80px]]||21 July 1668||1699–1713||18 December 1713|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Zeitz|Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt]]||[[Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels]]<br/>23 April 1699<br/>[[Oleśnica]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Anna Fredericka Philippine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg]]<br/>27 February 1702<br/>[[Moritzburg, Saxony|Moritzburg]]<br/>two children|| Son of Maurice. Received from his brother the towns of Pegau and Neustadt. Left no male descendants. His lands returned to Saxe-Zeitz.
|- style="background:#dcc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt merged in [[Saxe-Zeitz]]''
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Ernest Louis I]]||[[File:ErnstludwigIsamei.JPG|80px]]||7 October 1672||1706–1724||24 November 1724|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br/>19 September 1704<br/>[[Gotha]]<br/>five children<br/><br/>[[Margravine Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg (1674–1748)|Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg]]<br/>3 June 1714<br/>[[Coburg]]<br/>no children||
|- style="background:#efe;"
|[[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme|Frederick]]||[[File:Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme.jpg|80px]]||20 November 1673||1711–1715||16 April 1715|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme]]||[[Emilie Agnes Reuss of Schleiz]]<br/>13 February 1711<br/>[[Dahme, Brandenburg|Dahme]]<br/>no children||Son of Augustus. His brother John Adolph gave him in 1711 Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme. After his death Dahme was reabsorbed by Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt.
|- style="background:#efe;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme merged in [[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt]]''
|- style="background:#cfe;"
|[[Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|Christian]]||[[File:Christian von Sachsen-Weißenfels portrait.jpg|80px]]||23 February 1682||1712–1736||28 June 1736|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt]]||[[Louise Christine of Stolberg-Stolberg-Ortenberg]]<br/> 12 May 1712<br/>[[Stolberg (Harz)|Stolberg]]<br/>no children||Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John Adolf.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Ernest Frederick I]]||[[File:ErnstFriedrich1hibu.jpg|80px]]||21 August 1681||1715–1724||9 March 1724|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]||[[Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach|Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach]]<br/>4 February 1704<br/>[[Erbach im Odenwald]]<br/>fourteen children||
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Ernst Ludwig II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Ernest Louis II]]||[[File:ErnstludwigIIsamei.JPG|80px]]||8 August 1709||1724–1729||24 February 1729|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||''Unmarried''|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach|Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach]] (1724-1728)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Ernest Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Ernest Frederick II]]||[[File:ErnstFriedrich2hibu.jpg|80px]]||17 December 1707||1724–1745||13 August 1745|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]||[[Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau|Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau]]<br/>19 June 1726<br/>[[Fürstenau, Lower Saxony|Fürstenau]]<br/>four children
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|[[Georg Albrecht of Saxe-Weissenfels, Count of Barby|George Albert]]||[[File:Georg Albrecht (Sachsen-Weißenfels-Barby).jpg|80px]]||19 April 1695||1728–1739||12 June 1739|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby]]||[[Auguste Louise of Württemberg-Oels]]<br/>18 February 1721<br/>[[Forst (Lausitz)|Forst]]<br/>no children||Left no descendants, and his land merged in Saxe-Weissenfels.
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby merged in [[Saxe-Weissenfels]]'' 
|- style="background:#fed;"
|[[Wilhelm Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach|William Henry]]||[[File:William Heinrich, duke of Saxe-Eisenach.jpg|80px]]||10 November 1691||1729–1741||26 July 1741||''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Eisenach]]||[[Albertine Juliane of Nassau-Idstein]]<br/>15 February 1713<br/>[[Idstein]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]<br/>3 June 1723<br/>[[Berlin]]<br/>no children|| Left no descendants: Saxe-Eisenach merged with Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Eisenach merged in [[Saxe-Weimar]] to form [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]''
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Ernest Augustus I]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|19 April 1688
|style="background:#bca;"|1728–1741
|rowspan="2"|19 January 1748
|style="background:#bca;"| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen]]<br/>2 November 1683<br/>[[Nienburg, Saxony-Anhalt|Nienburg]]<br/>eight children<br/><br/>[[Margravine Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth|Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]<br/>7 April 1734<br/>[[Bayreuth]]<br/>four children
|rowspan="2"| Son of John Ernest III. Reunited under his rule the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach.
|- style="background:#6cf;"
||1741–1748|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Christian Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Christian Ernest]]||[[File:Christian Ernst II Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg|80px]]||18 August 1683||1729–1745||4 September 1745|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]||''[[Christiane Fredericka of Koss]]''<br/>18 August 1724<br/>[[Naitschau]]<br/>''(morganatic)''<br/>no children||Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Karl Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Charles Frederick I]]||[[File:Karlfriedrichsamei.JPG|80px]]||18 July 1712||1729–1743||28 March 1743|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||''Unmarried''|| Brother of Ernest Louis II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle.
|- style="background:#fae;"
||[[Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Frederick III]]||[[File:FriedrichIIISaGoAlt.JPG|80px]]||14 April 1699||1732–1772||10 March 1772|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]||[[Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen]]<br/>17 September 1729<br/>[[Gotha]]<br/>eight children||  He also served as regent for Duke Ernest Augustus II of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Augustus III of Poland|Frederick Augustus II ''the Fat'']]'''<br/>''(Friedrich August II)''||[[File:August III the Saxon.PNG|80px]]||17 October 1696||1 February 1733 – 5 October 1763||5 October 1763|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Maria Josepha of Austria]]'''<br/>20 August 1719<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>sixteen children|| Son of Frederick Augustus I. Converted to Catholicism 1712. King of Poland 1734–1763. 
|- style="background:#cfe;"
|[[Johann Adolf II, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|John Adolph II]]||[[File:Antoine Pesne (1683-1757) - John Adolphus II, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (1685-1746) - RCIN 405656 - Royal Collection.jpg|80px]]||4 September 1685||1736–1746||16 May 1746|| ''Albertine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weissenfels|Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt]]||[[Johannette Antoinette Juliane of Saxe-Eisenach]]<br/>9 May 1721<br/>[[Eisenach]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br/>27 November 1734<br/>[[Altenburg]]<br/>five children||Left no male descendants. After his death the Duchy was reannexed by the Electorate of Saxony.
|- style="background:#cfe;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt merged in the [[Electorate of Saxony]] ''
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Frederick William IV]]||[[File:Friedrichwilhelmsamei.JPG|80px]]||16 February 1679||1743–1746||10 March 1746|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||''Unmarried''|| Brother of Ernest Louis I. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his half-brother.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau|Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau]] (1745-1748)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Ernest Frederick III]]||[[File:Ernest Frederick II of Saxe-Hildburghausen - Lindenau-Museum.jpg|80px]]||10 June 1727||1745–1780||23 September 1780|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]||[[Princess Louise of Denmark (1726–1756)|Louise of Denmark]]<br/> 1 October 1749<br/>[[Copenhagen]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Christiane Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth]]<br/>20 January 1757<br/>[[Copenhagen]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar|Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar]]<br/> 1 July 1758<br/>[[Bayreuth]]<br/>three children
|- style="background:#ff9;"
||[[Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Francis Josias]]||[[File:Francis Josias, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.jpg|80px]]||25 September 1697||1745–1764||16 September 1764|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]||[[Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt|Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]<br/>2 January 1723<br/>[[Rudolstadt]]<br/>eight children||Brother of Christian Ernest. He also served as regent for Duke Ernest Augustus II of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Anthony Ulrich]]||[[File:Antonulrichsamei.JPG|80px]]||22 October 1687||1746–1763||27 January 1763|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||''[[Philippine Elisabeth Caesar]]''<br/>January 1711<br/>''morganatic''<br/>ten children<br/><br/>[[Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal|Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal]]<br/>26 September 1750<br/>[[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]]<br/>eight children||
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (1748-1755)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|[[Ernest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Ernest Augustus II]]||[[File:Ernst August II. (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach)@Schloss Tiefurt.JPG|80px]]||2 June 1737||1748–1758||28 May 1758|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]||[[Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>16 March 1756<br/>[[Braunschweig|Brunswick]]<br/>two children
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] (1758-1775)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|In 1815 his rank of ''Duke'' was elevated to ''Grand Duke''; from 1815 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach becomes a [[Grand Duchy]].
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|[[Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Augustus]]||[[File:Carl August Sachsen-Weimar G.M.Kraus@ Goethe Nationalmuseum 01.jpg|80px]]||3 September 1757||1758–1828||14 June 1828|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]||[[Landgravine Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830)|Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br/>3 October 1775<br/>[[Karlsruhe]]<br/>seven children
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony|Frederick Christian]]'''<br/>''(Friedrich Christian)''||[[File: Friedrich Christian by Pietro Rotari (altered and edited).jpg|80px]]||5 September 1722||5 October 1763 – 17 December 1763||17 December 1763|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria|Maria Antonia of Bavaria]]'''<br/>13 June 1747<br/>[[Munich]]<br/>''(by proxy)''<br/>20 June 1747<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>''(in person)''<br/>nine children|| Son of Frederick Augustus II, raised Catholic.
|- style="background:#aec;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal|Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal]] (1763-1779)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Charles William]]||[[File:Carlsamei.JPG|80px]]||19 November 1754||1763–1782||21 January 1782|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern (1764-1834)|Louise of Stolberg-Gedern]]<br/>5 June 1780<br/>[[Gedern]]<br/>no children
|- style="background:#eee;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of '''[[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria|Maria Antonia of Bavaria]]''' (1763-1768)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Son of Frederick Christian. His Electorate ceased with the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and he became King of Saxony.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''[[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|Frederick Augustus III ''the Just'']]'''<br/>''(Friedrich August III)''||[[File:Fryderyk August I.jpg|80px]]||23 December 1750||17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806||5 May 1827|| ''Albertine''<br/>'''[[Electorate of Saxony]]'''||'''[[Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]'''<br/>17 January 1769<br/>[[Mannheim]]<br/>''(by proxy)''<br/>29 January 1769<br/>[[Dresden]]<br/>''(in person)''<br/>four children
|- style="background:#eee;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|In 1806 The Elector of Saxony became King of an independent Kingdom of Saxony. For the Kings that followed the electors, see below the [[#Kingdom of Saxony|Kingdom of Saxony]]. To continue the list of the multiple duchies that were contemporaries of this kingdom, follow this table.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Ernest Frederick]]||[[File:Ernesto Federico de Wettin Saalfeld.jpg|80px]]||8 March 1724||1764–1800||8 September 1800|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]||[[Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>23 April 1749<br/>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br/>seven children||
|- style="background:#fae;"
|[[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Ernest II]]||[[File:Ernst-II 1775.jpg|80px]]||30 January 1745||1772–1804||20 April 1804|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]||[[Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen|Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen]]<br/>21 March 1769<br/>[[Meiningen]]<br/>four children||
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|George I]]||[[File:GeorgIsamei.JPG|80px]]||4 February 1761||1782–1803||24 December 1803|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Princess Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]<br/>27 November 1782<br/>[[Langenburg]]<br/>four children||
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Francis]]||[[File:FranzFriedrich AntonSaCoSa.jpg|80px]]||15 July 1750||1800–1806||9 December 1806|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]||[[Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br/> 6 March 1776<br/>[[Hildburghausen]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf|Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf]]<br/>13 June 1777<br/>[[Saalburg-Ebersdorf|Ebersdorf]]<br/>ten children||
|- style="background:#aec;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Princess Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1803-1821)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernard II]]||[[File:Bernhardiihosenbandorden.JPG|80px]]||17 December 1800||1803–1866||3 December 1882|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel|Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel]]<br/> 23 March 1825<br/>[[Kassel]]<br/>two children
|- style="background:#fae;"
|[[Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Augustus]]||[[File:Ludwig Doell - Porträt des Herzogs August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]||23 November 1772||1804–1822||17 May 1822|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]||[[Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]<br/>21 October 1797<br/>[[Ludwigslust]]<br/>one child<br/><br/>[[Princess Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel|Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel]]<br/>24 April 1802<br/>[[Kassel]]<br/>no children||Left no male descendants. The land was inherited by his brother Frederick
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Ernest I]]||[[File:Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Dawe 1818-19.jpg|80px]]||2 January 1784||1806–1844||29 January 1844|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (1800-1826)<br/><br/>''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (1826-1844)||[[Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br/>3 July 1817<br/>[[Gotha]]<br/>two children<br/><br/>[[Duchess Marie of Württemberg|Marie of Württemberg]]<br/>23 December 1832<br/>[[Coburg]]<br/>no children|| Inherited Gotha from Frederick IX, but had to cede Saafeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The duchy changed its name to '''Saxe-Coburg and Gotha'''
|- style="background:#fae;"
|[[Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Frederick IV]]||[[File:Friedrich IV von Sachsen-Gotha, by Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein.jpg|80px]]||28 November 1774||1822–1825||11 February 1825|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]||''Unmarried''||Brother of Augustus. Left no male descendants. The land was divided between Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen.
|- style="background:#fae;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg divided between its neighbours [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] and [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]''
|- style="background:#dac;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen]] (1780-1787)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Inherited Altenburg from Frederick IV, merging it with Hildburghausen. However, Frederick changed the name of the united duchy '''Saxe-Altenburg'''.
|- style="background:#dac;"
||[[Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Frederick]]||[[File:FriedrichHibuAltenburg.jpg|80px]]||29 April 1763||1780–1834||29 September 1834||''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]<br/>(1787-1826)<br/><br/>''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]<br/>(1826–1834)||[[Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br/> 3 September 1785<br/>[[Hildburghausen]]<br/>twelve children
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|[[Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Frederick]]||[[File:Karl Friedrich of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg|80px]]||2 February 1783||1828–1853||8 July 1853|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]||[[Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)|Maria Pavlovna of Russia]]<br/>3 August 1804<br/>[[St. Petersburg]]<br/>four children|| 
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Joseph]]||[[File:Herzog Joseph von Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg|80px]]||27 August 1789||1834–1848||25 November 1868|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||[[Amelia of Württemberg]]<br/>24 April 1817<br/>[[Kirchheim unter Teck]]<br/>six children|| He implemented several buildings in Altenburg, but his government was considered conservative and resistant to reform; for this, he was forced to abdicate during the civil revolution of 1848. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother George.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Ernest II]]||[[File:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.jpg|80px]]||21 June 1818||1844–1893||22 August 1893|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]||[[Princess Alexandrine of Baden|Alexandrine of Baden]]<br/> 3 May 1842<br/>[[Karlsruhe]]<br/>no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his nephews.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|George]]||[[File:GeorgPrinceofSaxe-Altenburgportrait.jpg|80px]]||24 July 1796||1848–1853||3 August 1853|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||[[Duchess Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]<br/>7 October 1825<br/>[[Ludwigslust]]<br/>three children|| Brother of Joseph.
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|[[Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Alexander]]||[[File:1818 Carl Alexander.JPG|80px]]||24 June 1818||1853–1901||5 January 1901|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]||[[Princess Sophie of the Netherlands|Sophie of the Netherlands]]<br/>8 October 1842<br/>[[The Hague]]<br/>four children||
|- style="background:#dac;"
|[[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Ernest I]]||[[File:DukeErnstIsaxealtenburg.jpg|80px]]||16 February 1826||1853–1908||7 February 1908|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||[[Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau]]<br/>28 April 1853<br/>[[Ludwigslust]]<br/>two children|| Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.
|- style="background:#aec;
|[[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|George II]]||[[File:Herzog Georg II von-Sachsen-Meiningen 02.jpg|80px]]||2 April 1826||1866–1914||25 June 1914|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1831–1855)|Charlotte of Prussia]]<br/>18 May 1850<br/>[[Berlin]]<br/>four children<br/><br/>[[Princess Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]<br/>23 October 1858<br/>[[Langenburg]]<br/>three children<br/><br/>''[[Ellen Franz]]''<br/>18 March 1873<br/>[[Liebenstein]]<br/>''(morganatic)''<br/>no children||
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Alfred]]||[[File:Alfred-sachsen-coburg-gotha.jpg|80px]]||6 August 1844||1893–1900||30 July 1900|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]||[[Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|Maria Alexandrovna of Russia]]<br/>23 January 1874<br/>[[St Petersburg]]<br/>six children|| Son of [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] and [[Queen Victoria]]. Nephew of Ernest II.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Prince Ernst of Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1900-1905)''</small>||rowspan=2|Son of [[Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany]]; Nephew of Alfred. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|[[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Charles Edward]]||[[File:Carl Eduard Sachsen Coburg und Gotha.jpg|80px]]||19 July 1884||1900–1918||6 March 1954|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]||[[Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein|Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein]]<br/>11 October 1905<br/>[[Schleswig]]<br/>five children
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|[[William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|William Ernest]]||[[File:GuillemErnestdeSaxònia-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg|80px]]||10 June 1876||1901–1918||24 April 1923|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]||[[Princess Caroline Reuss of Greiz|Caroline Reuss of Greiz]]<br/>30 April 1903<br/>[[Bückeburg]]<br/>no children<br/><br/>[[Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (1890–1972)|Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen]]<br/>14 January 1910<br/>[[Meiningen]]<br/>four children|| Grandson of Charles Alexander, as son of [[Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894)|Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
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|[[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg|Ernest II]]||[[File:Ernst II. von Sachsen-Altenburg 1915.jpg|80px]]||31 August 1871||1908–1918||22 March 1955|| ''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Altenburg]]||[[Princess Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe|Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe]]<br/>17 February 1898<br/>[[Bückeburg]]<br/>''(annulled 1920)''<br/>four children<br/><br/>''[[Maria Triebel]]''<br/>15 July 1934<br/>[[Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf]]<br/>''(morganatic)''<br/>no children|| Grandson of George III, as son of [[Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg]]. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
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|[[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernard III]]||[[File:Bernhard III (Saxe-Meiningen).jpg|80px]]||1 April 1851||1914–1918||16 January 1928||''Ernestine''<br/>[[Saxe-Meiningen]]||[[Princess Charlotte of Prussia|Charlotte of Prussia]]<br/>18 February 1878<br/>[[Berlin]]<br/>two children|| Monarchy abolished in 1918.
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