Editing List of Bulgarian monarchs (section)

=== Titles in modern Bulgaria (1878–1946) ===
The [[Tarnovo Constitution]] of the modern [[Principality of Bulgaria]] (1878–1908) stipulated that the monarch was to use the title "''Knyaz'' of Bulgaria" (i.e. "Prince of Bulgaria") rather than ''tsar'' due to the principality being an autonomous vassal state of the [[Ottoman Empire]] rather than a fully independent country.<ref name="Tarnovo Const.-1879" />

When Bulgaria achieved complete independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908, the former ''knyaz'' [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria|Ferdinand I]] (1887–1918) adopted the higher title of "''[[Tsar]]'' of the Bulgarians", as had been used by Bulgarian monarchs in the Middle Ages. The assumption of the title of ''tsar'' was met with opposition from both the Ottomans and the [[Russian Empire]].<ref name="Temizer-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Temizer |first=Abidin |date=2021 |title=The Independence Process of Bulgaria and the First Ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to Sofia, Mustafa Asım Bey |url=https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/3675/eng |journal=Belleten |volume=85 |issue=304 |pages=1084, 1086 |doi=10.37879/belleten.2021.1073 |s2cid=244948282 |issn=0041-4255|doi-access=free }}</ref> Although ''tsar'' had been understood as equivalent to emperor in medieval times,<ref name="Crampton-1987" /> the title of the new Bulgarian ''tsars'' was generally translated as "King of the Bulgarians" internationally.<ref name="Crampton-2009">{{Cite book |last=Crampton |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VcrDwAAQBAJ |title=Aleksandur Stamboliiski: Bulgaria |date=2009 |publisher=Haus Publishing |isbn=978-1-907822-25-4 |language=en |chapter=The Years of War (1912–18)}}</ref>