Editing Lille (section)

===Early modern era===
[[File:Lille, la Vieille Bourse (PA00107639).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Vieille Bourse]] on the Grand' Place]]
The 16th and the 17th centuries were marked by a boom in the regional textile industry, the Protestant revolts and outbreaks of the [[Plague (disease)|plague]].

Lille came under the rule of the [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Charles V]] in 1519. The [[Low Countries]] fell to his eldest son, [[Philip II of Spain]], in 1555. The city remained under [[Spanish Habsburg]] rule until 1668. [[Calvinism]] first appeared in the area in 1542, and by 1555, the authorities were taking steps to suppress that form of [[Protestantism]]. In 1566, the countryside around Lille was affected by the [[Iconoclastic Fury]].{{sfnp|Trenard|1981|p=456}} In 1578, the Hurlus, a group of Protestant rebels, stormed the castle of the Counts of Mouscron. They were removed four months later by a Catholic [[Wallonia|Wallon]] regiment, and they tried several times between 1581 and 1582 to take the city of Lille, all in vain. The Hurlus were notably held back by the legendary [[Jeanne Maillotte]]. At the same time (1581), at the call of [[Elizabeth I of England]], the north of the [[Seventeen Provinces]], having gained a Protestant majority, successfully revolted and formed the [[Dutch Republic]]. The war brought or exacerbated periods of famine and plague (the last in 1667–1679).{{sfnp|Trenard|1981|p=457}}

The first printer to set up shop in Lille was Antoine Tack in 1594. The 17th century saw the building of new institutions: an [[Irish College]] in 1610, a Jesuit college in 1611, an Augustinian college in 1622, almshouses or hospitals such as the Maison des Vieux hommes in 1624 and the Bonne et Forte Maison des Pauvres in 1661, and of a [[mount of piety|Mont-de-piété]] in 1626.{{sfnp|Trenard|1981|pp=456-457}}

[[File:John Wootton (c. 1682-1764) - The Siege of Lille - RCIN 407182 - Royal Collection.jpg|thumb|left|[[Siege of Lille (1708)|Siege of Lille]] in 1708, by [[John Wootton]].]]
Unsuccessful French attacks on the city were launched in 1641 and 1645.{{sfnp|Trenard|1981|p=457}} In 1667, [[Louis XIV]] of France (the Sun King) successfully laid [[Siege of Lille (1667)|siege to Lille]], resulting in it becoming French in 1668 under the [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668)|Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]], provoking discontent among the citizens of the prosperous city. A number of important public works undertaken between 1667 and 1670, such as the [[Citadel of Lille|Citadel]] (erected by [[Vauban]]), or the creation of the quartiers of Saint-André and la Madeleine, enabled the French king to gradually gain the confidence of his new subjects in Lille, some of whom continued to feel Flemish, but they had always spoken the Romance [[Picard language]].

In 1708, during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], the Grand Alliance [[Siege of Lille (1708)|captured Lille]]. For five years, from 1708 to 1713, the city remained occupied by the Dutch. Throughout the 18th century, Lille remained profoundly Catholic. It took little part in the [[French Revolution]], but there were riots and the destruction of churches. In 1790, the city held its first municipal elections.