Editing Liliales (section)

== Taxonomy ==

With 11 [[Families (biology)|families]], about 67 [[genera]] and about 1,558 [[species]], Liliales is a relatively small [[angiosperm]] [[Order (biology)|order]], but a large group within the monocotyledons.{{sfn|Traub|Kress|2016}}{{sfn|Simpson|2011}}

=== History ===

==== Origins ====

The [[botanical authority]] for Liliales is given to [[Perleb]] (1826), who grouped eleven families ([[Asparageae]], [[Pontederiaceae]], [[Asphodeleae]], [[Coronariae]],{{efn|Coronariae used ''[[sensu]]'' [[Carl Adolph Agardh|Agardh]] (1825),{{sfn|Agardh|1825}} that is corresponding to Linnaeus' Liliaceae}} [[Colchicaceae]], [[Dioscoreaceae]], [[Hypoxideae]], [[Amaryllideae]], [[Haemodoraceae]], [[Burmanniaceae]], [[Irideae]]) into an order he called Liliaceae.{{sfn|Perleb|1826}} In Perleb's system, he divided the [[vascular plants]] into seven classes, of which the [[Phanerogams|Phanerogamicae]] or seed plants he called his class IV, or Ternariae. The latter, he divided into five orders (''ordo''), including the Liliaceae.{{sfn|Perleb|1826}}

A number of later [[taxonomist]]s, such as Endlicher (1836) substitituted the term Coronarieae for this higher order, including six subordinate taxa. Endlicher divided the [[Cormophyta]] into five sections, of which Amphibrya contained eleven classes, including Coronarieae.{{sfn|Endlicher|1836}} The term Liliales was introduced by [[John Lindley|Lindley]] (1853),{{sfn|Lindley|1853}} referring to these higher orders as [[Alliance (taxonomy)|alliances]]. Lindley included four families in this alliance. Lindley called the monocots class Endogenae, with eleven alliances including Liliales.{{sfn|Lindley|1853}} Although [[George Bentham|Bentham]] (1877) restored Coronariae as one of seven [[Series (botany)|Series]] making up the [[monocotyledons]],{{sfn|Bentham|Hooker|1883}} it was replaced by Liliiflorae and then Liliales in subsequent publications (''see [[#famtab|Table]] for history'').{{sfn|Singh|2010|loc=p.&nbsp;312''ff''.}}

==== Phyletic systems ====

Subsequent authors, now adopting a [[phylogenetic]] (phyletic) or [[evolutionary]] approach over the natural method,{{sfn|Stuessy|2009|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=b9Q2EOkw7toC&pg=PA43 p.&nbsp;43]}} did not follow Bentham's nomenclature. [[August W. Eichler|Eichler]] (1886) used Liliiflorae for the higher order including Liliaceae, placing it as the first order (''Reihe'') in his class monocotyledons,{{sfn|Eichler|1886|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=XE0bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6 p.&nbsp;34]}} as did [[Adolf Engler|Engler]] (1903),{{sfn|Engler|1903|loc=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63778#page/127/mode/1up p.&nbsp;93]}} [[Lotsy]] (1911),{{sfn|Lotsy|1911}} and [[Richard Wettstein|Wettstein]] in 1924, in class Monocotyledones, subdivision Angiospermae.{{sfn|Wettstein|1924}}

[[John Hutchinson (botanist)|Hutchinson]] (1973){{sfn|Hutchinson|1973}} restored Liliales for the higher rank, an approach that has been adopted by most major classification systems onwards, reserving Liliiflorae for higher ranks. These include [[Arthur Cronquist|Cronquist]] (1981),{{sfn|Cronquist|1981}} [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] (1985),{{sfn|Dahlgren et al|1985}} [[Takhtajan]] (1997){{sfn|Takhtajan|1997}} as well as [[Robert Folger Thorne|Thorne]] and [[James Reveal|Reveal]] (2007).{{sfn|Thorne|Reveal|2007}}

[[Hutchinson system|Hutchinson]] (1973) derived a more elaborate hierarchy, placing order Liliales as one of 14 in division Corolliferae, one of three divisions of [[subphylum]] monocotyledons. [[Cronquist system|Cronquist]] (1981) placed the order Liliales as one of two in subclass [[Liliidae]], one of five in the class [[Liliopsida]] (monocotyledons) of division [[Magnoliophyta]] (angiosperms). [[Dahlgren system|Dahlgren]] (1985) made Liliales one of six orders in Superorder Liliiflorae, one of ten divisions of the monocots. [[Takhtajan system|Takhtajan]] (1997) had a more complex system of higher taxonomic ranks, placing Liliales as one of 15 orders within [[superorder]] [[Lilianae]], one of four within subclass [[Liliidae]]. Liliidae in turn was one of four subclasses in class [[Liliopsida]] (monocots).{{sfn|Reveal|1997}} In contrast [[Thorne system|Thorne and Reveal]] (2007) abandoned the use of monocotyledons as a distinct taxon, replacing it with 3 separate subclasses of Magnoliopsida (angiosperms), of which [[Liliidae]] consists of 3 superorders, placing Liliales in superorder [[Lilianae]].{{sfn|Thorne|Reveal|2007}}

In all these systems, Liliales (or Liliiflorae) were visualised as either a direct division of the monocots (or equivalent) or were placed in an intermediate division of the monocots, such as superorder Lilianae.{{sfn|Singh|2019|loc=pp.&nbsp;239–273}}

==== Molecular phylogenetic systems ====

The development of [[molecular phylogenetic]] methods for determining [[taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] and [[phylogeny]] led to considerable revision of angiosperm classification,{{sfn|Chase et al|2000}} and establishment of Liliales as a [[monophyletic]] group.{{sfn|Fay et al|2005}}{{sfn|Petersen et al|2013}}{{sfn|Rudall et al|2000}} It was clear by 1996, that the most useful system to date, that of Dahlgren, required urgent revision.{{sfn|Chase et al|2000}} The new classification was formalised with the creation of the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG) system (1998–2016),{{sfn|APG I|1998}}{{sfn|APG IV|2016}} based on [[monophyletic]] [[clades]], which continued the use of Liliales as the name for the taxon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zomlefer |first1=Wendy B. |last2=Whitten |first2=W. Mark |last3=Williams |first3=Norris H. |last4=Judd |first4=Walter S. |date=2006 |title=Infrageneric Phylogeny of Schoenocaulon (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) with Clarification of Cryptic Species Based on Its Sequence Data and Geographical Distribution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4122805 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=93 |issue=8 |pages=1178–1192 |doi=10.3732/ajb.93.8.1178 |jstor=4122805 |pmid=21642183 |issn=0002-9122}}</ref>

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [[APG system]] (1998) established a structure of monocot classification with ten orders.{{sfn|APG I|1998}} Notable was the separation of asparagids, as suggested by Dahlgren,{{sfn|Kubitzki|Rudall|Chase|1998}} into [[Asparagales]], with other taxa placed in [[Dioscoreales]], resulting in a much reduced order.{{sfn|Traub|Kress|2016}}{{sfn|Rudall et al|2000}}

=== Phylogeny ===

The position of Liliales within the monocots (Lilianae) is shown in the following [[cladogram]]. The monocot orders form three [[evolutionary grade|grades]], the [[alismatid monocots]], [[lilioid monocots]] and the [[commelinid monocots]] by order of branching, from early to late. These have alternatively been referred to as Alismatanae, Lilianae and Commelinanae.{{sfn|Kubitzki|Rudall|Chase|1998}} The alismatid monocots form the [[basal group]], while the remaining grades (lilioid and commelinid monocots) have been referred to as the "core monocots".{{sfn|Anderson|Janssen|2009|loc=p.&nbsp;205}} The relationship between the orders (with the exception of the two sister orders) is [[wikt:pectinate|pectinate]], that is diverging in succession from the line that leads to the commelinids.{{sfn|ps=none|Davis et al.|2013}} The lilioid monocot orders constitute a [[paraphyletic]] assemblage, that is groups with a common ancestor that do not include all direct descendants (in this case commelinids which are a [[sister group]] to Asparagales); to form a clade, all the groups joined by thick lines would need to be included. In the cladogram the numbers indicate [[crown group]] (most recent common ancestor of the sampled species of the clade of interest) [[divergence times]] in [[mya (unit)|mya]] (million years ago).{{sfn|Hertwick et al.|2015}}

{|
|{{anchor|Clad2}}'''Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots'''{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}{{sfn|Stevens|2019a}}
{{barlabel|size=12|at1=5|label1=[[lilioid monocots]] 122|bar1=purple|at2=0.5|label2=[[alismatid monocots]]|bar2=green|style=font-size:100%;line-height:125%;width:400px;|cladogram=
{{clade
| align=center
|label1= [[Lilianae]] ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal (monocots) 131{{sfn|ps=none|Chase|Reveal|2009}}
|1={{clade
    | 1={{clade
       | 1={{clade
       |label1=
        | 1= [[Acorales]]|barbegin1=green
        | 2= {{clade
           |label1=
           | 1= [[Alismatales]]|barend1=green
          |label2=122
          | 2={{clade| thickness=3
            | 1=[[Petrosaviales]] | barbegin1=purple
            |label1=
           | 2={{clade| thickness=3
               |label1=120
               | 1={{clade| thickness=3
                  | 1=[[Dioscoreales]] 115| bar1=purple
                  | 2=[[Pandanales]] 91 | bar2=purple
                  }}
                 | 2={{clade |thickness=3
                     | 1= '''Liliales''' 121| bar1=purple
                     |label2=121
                     | 2= {{clade |thickness=3
                       | 1= [[Asparagales]] 120| barend1=purple
                        |label2=[[commelinids]] 118
                        | 2= {{clade
                          |1 = [[Arecales]]
                          |label1=
                          |2 = [[Poales]]
                          |3 = {{clade
                             | 1= [[Commelinales]]
                             | 2= [[Zingiberales]]
                             |label1=
              }}
           }}
         }}
      }}
                              }}
                         }}
              }}
        }}
      }}
    }}
}}
}}
|}

=== Biogeography and evolution ===

The [[crown group]] of Liliales has been dated to ca. 117&nbsp;[[Myr]] (million years ago) in the [[Early Cretaceous]] period of the [[Mesozoic]] era.{{sfn|Janssen|Bremer|2004}}{{sfn|Anderson|Janssen|2009|loc=p.&nbsp;205}}

=== Subdivision ===

The circumscription of Liliales has varied greatly since Perleb's original construction with 11 families in 1826.{{sfn|Rudall et al|2000}} Many of these families are now considered to be in [[Asparagales]], with the remainder in [[commelinids]] and [[Dioscoreales]], as shown in this table.

{{anchor|famtab}}
{{Hidden begin|title=<big>Liliales families in progressive taxonomic schemes</big>| titlestyle = "text-align:center;"| border = 1px solid black}}
{| class="wikitable" style= "font-size: 67%"
! style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Perleb<br/>(1826){{sfn|Perleb|1826}} || style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Endlicher<br/>(1836){{sfn|Endlicher|1836}}|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Lindley<br/>(1853){{sfn|Lindley|1853}} || style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Bentham & Hooker<br/>(1883){{sfn|Bentham|Hooker|1883}}|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Eichler<br/>(1886){{sfn|Eichler|1886|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=XE0bAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6 p.&nbsp;34]}}|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Engler<br/>(1903){{sfn|Engler|1903|loc=[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63778#page/127/mode/1up p.&nbsp;93]}}|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Lotsy<br/>(1911){{sfn|Lotsy|1911}}|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"| Wettstein<br/>(1924){{sfn|Wettstein|1924}} ||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Hutchinson<br/>(1973){{sfn|Hutchinson|1973}} || style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Cronquist<br/>(1981){{sfn|Cronquist|1981}}||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"| Dahlgren<br/>(1985){{sfn|Dahlgren et al|1985}}||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|[[Takhtajan]] (1997){{sfn|Takhtajan|1997}}||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|Thorne & Reveal (2007){{sfn|Thorne|Reveal|2007}} ||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #ccf"|APG IV (2016){{sfn|APG IV|2016}}
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background:#F2CEEC" |Liliaceae || style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Coronarieae|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliales || style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Coronariae|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliiflorae|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliiflorae|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliiflorae|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"| Liliiflorae||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliales|| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliales||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"| Liliales||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliales||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliales ||style="border-right:solid black 2px;  background: #F2CEEC"|Liliales
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Asparageae]]<sup>A</sup> ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| Asparagaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px;| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Asphodeleae]]<sup>A</sup> ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Asphodelaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Colchicaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Colchicaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Colchicaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Colchicaceae 
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Coronariae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Liliaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Liliaceae
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Amaryllideae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Amaryllidaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Amaryllidaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Amaryllidaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Pontederiaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Pontederiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Pontederiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Pontederiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Pontederiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Pontederiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Pontederiaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Dioscoreaceae]]<sup>D</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Dioscoreaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Dioscoreaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Dioscoreaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Dioscoreaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Dioscoreaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Hypoxideae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Hypoxidaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Haemodoraceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Haemodoraceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Haemodoraceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Haemodoraceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Haemodoraceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Haemodoraceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|- 
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Burmanniaceae]]<sup>D</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Burmanniaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Burmanniaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  |[[Irideae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Iridaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Iridaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Iridaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Iridaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Iridaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Iridaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | [[Juncaceae]]<sup>c</sup> ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Juncaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Juncaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Juncaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Juncaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | [[Philydriae]]<sup>c</sup>  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Philydraceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Philydraceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Philydraceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | [[Melanthaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Melanthaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Melanthaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|Melanthiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |Melanthiaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |Melanthiaceae
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | [[Smilaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | Smilaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Smilacaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Smilacaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Smilacaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Smilacaceae
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Gilliesiaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Gilliesiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Roxburghiaceae]]<sup>P</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Stemonaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Stemonaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Stemonaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Stemonaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Xyrideae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Mayaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Commelinaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Rapateaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Rapateaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Bromeliaceae]]<sup>c</sup> ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Bromeliaceae| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Bromeliaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Velloziaceae]]<sup>P</sup>  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Vellosiaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Velloziaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Velloziaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Taccaceae]]<sup>D</sup>  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Taccaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Taccaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Taccaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Aloinaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Eriospermaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | 
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Johnsoniaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Agapanthaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Alliaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Tulipaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Scillaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Dracaenaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Luzuriagaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |Luzuriagaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Ophiopogonaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Lomandraceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Dasypogonaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Calectasiaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Flagellariaceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Cyanastraceae]]<sup>c</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|Cyanastraceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|Cyanastraceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|[[Agavaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"|Agavaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Tecophilaeaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Trilliaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |Trilliaceae ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |(in Melanthiaceae)
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Ruscaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Xanthorrhoeoideae|Xanthorrhoeaceae]]<sup>A</sup>||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Alstroemeriaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |Alstroemeriaceae||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |Alstroemeriaceae
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Uvulariaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |(in Colchicaceae<br/>Liliaceae)
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Calochortaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |(in Liliaceae)
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Geosiridaceae]]<sup>A</sup> ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Medeolaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"  |(in Liliaceae)
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Corsiaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Corsiaceae]]
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Campynemataceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Campynemataceae]]
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Petermanniaceae]] ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Petermanniaceae]]
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Rhipogonaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Ripogonaceae]]
|-
| style="border-right:solid black 2px;  | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |  ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px"| ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" | ||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Philesiaceae]]||style="border-right:solid black 2px" |[[Philesiaceae]]
|-
| colspan=14 | Treatment of families in modern taxonomy (APG), remaining families included in Liliales:
* A: [[Asparagales]] c:  [[commelinids]] D: [[Dioscoreales]] P: [[Pandanales]]
|}
{{hidden end}}

The availability of molecular phylogenetic methods suggested four main lineages within Liliales, and seven families;{{sfn|Rudall et al|2000}} 
# Liliaceae group: Liliaceae (including some former [[Uvulariaceae]] and [[Calochortaceae]]), and Smilacaceae (including Ripogonaceae and Philesiaceae) 
# Campynemataceae
# [[File:Colchicum Persicum Baker in Behbahan, Iran IV.jpg|alt=Colchicum Persicum Baker in Behbahan|thumb|''[[Colchicum]] Persicum Baker in [[Behbahan]]'']]Colchicaceae group: Colchicaceae (including [[Petermannia]] and [[Uvularia]]), Alstroemeriaceae and Luzuriaga 
# Melanthiaceae (including [[Trilliaceae]])

The first Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification (APG I) in 1998 had the following circumscription, with 9 families, having separated Philesiaceae and Ripogonaceae from Smilacaceae:{{sfn|APG I|1998}}
* order Liliales
*: family [[Alstroemeriaceae]]
*: family [[Campynemataceae]]
*: family [[Colchicaceae]]
*: family [[Liliaceae]]
*: family [[Luzuriagaceae]]
*: family [[Melanthiaceae]]
*: family [[Philesiaceae]]
*: family [[Ripogonaceae]] 
*: family [[Smilacaceae]]

The [[APG II system]] (2003) added [[Corsiaceae]] to the Liliales,{{sfn|APG II|2003}} while [[APG III]] (2009) added [[Petermannia]]ceae and merged Luzuriagaceae into Alstroemeriaceae.{{sfn|APG III|2009}} The subsequent revision of [[APG IV]] (2016) left this unchanged, with 10 families.{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}

The exact phylogenetic relationship between the families of Liliales has been subject to revision. This cladogram shows that of the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]] (2020):{{sfn|Stevens|2019}}{{sfn|Givnish et al|2016}}

{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1='''Liliales'''
|1={{Clade
   |1=[[Campynemataceae]]   
   |2=[[Corsiaceae]]
   |label3=branch with 50–80% support 
   |3={{Clade
      |1=[[Melanthiaceae]]
      |2={{Clade
         |1={{Clade
            |1=[[Liliaceae]]
            |2=[[Smilacaceae]]
            }}
         |2={{Clade
            |1=[[Philesiaceae]]
            |2=[[Ripogonaceae]]
            }}
        }}
      |label3=branch with 50–80% support
      |3={{Clade
         |1=[[Petermanniaceae]]
         |2={{Clade
            |1=[[Colchicaceae]]
            |2={{Clade
               |1=[[Alstroemeriaceae]]
               |2=[[Luzuriagaceae]]
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
The bulk of the Liliales species are found in the very diverse family Liliaceae (16 genera, 610 species). Of the remaining nine families, three are referred to as the vine families (Ripogonaceae, Philesiaceae and Smilacaceae) and form a cluster.{{sfn|Givnish et al|2016}}

=== Families ===
{|
|[[File:CorsiaOrnata.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Corsia ornata]]''|alt=Flower of Corsia ornata]]

==== Corsiaceae ====
{{Main|Corsiaceae }}
The Corsiaceae (ghost-flower family) are a very small family of 3 [[mycoheterotrophic]] genera, lacking [[chlorophyll]], with 27 species of perennial herbaceous plants. They are found in montane forests in South America (one genus) and from southern China to northern Australia in areas with high rainfall, and among dense leaf litter. The majority of species occur in the type genus ''[[Corsia]]''. The name commemorates the Florentine plant collector Marquis Bardo Corsi Salviati (1844–1907).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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{|
|[[File:Campynema purple.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Campynema lineare]]''|alt=Flower of Campynema lineare]]

==== Campynemataceae ====
{{Main|Campynemataceae }}
The Campynemataceae (Green-mountainlily family) are a very small family of two genera and four species of rhizomatous herbaceous plants found in Tasmania and [[New Caledonia]]. The name is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] words ''kampylos'' (curved) and nema (thread).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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{|
|[[File:Veratrum album Aubrac.JPG|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Veratrum album]]''|alt=Flowers of Veratrum album]]

==== Melanthiaceae ====
{{Main|Melanthiaceae }}
The Melanthiaceae (Wake Robin family) is a family of perennial herbaceous plants, whose storage organs include bulbs, rhizomes and corms (rarely, e.g. ''[[Schoenocaulon]]''). Their distribution is temperate and [[boreal climate|boreal]] Northern hemisphere, in the Americas extending south to the Andes and in Asia to the Himalayas and Taiwan. Melanthiaceae consists of 17 genera and 173 species distributed in a number of subdivisions. The largest genus is ''[[Trillium]]'' (44 species) but many genera are monotypic. A number of genera, including ''Trillium'' are used as [[Ornamental plant|garden ornamentals]], especially for woodland gardens. ''[[Paris japonica]]'' is noted for having the largest [[genome]] known to date. The family name is derived from the Greek words ''melas'' (black) and ''anthos'' (flower) in reference to the dark colour of the petals.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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{|
|[[File:Petermannia cirrosa.png|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Petermannia cirrosa]]''|alt=Petermannia cirrosa vine, growing in Australia]]

==== Petermanniaceae ====
{{Main|Melanthiaceae }}
The Petermanniaceae (Petermann's vine family) consists of a single species, ''Petermannia cirrosa'', a perennial woody vine with underground rhizomes. ''Petermannia'' is restricted to Queensland and New South Wales, in temperate rainforests between Brisbane and Sydney. The family was  named for Wilhelm Ludwwig Petermann (1806–1855), director of the [[Leipzig Botanical Garden|botanical garden at Leipzig]].{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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{|
|[[File:Colchicum autumnale.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Colchicum autumnale]]''|alt=Colchicum autumnale flowers]]

==== Colchicaceae ====
{{Main|Colchicaceae }}
The Colchicaceae (Naked-ladies or Colchicum family) are perennial erect and climbing plants with underground corms, tubers and rhizomes. They are herbaceous with the exception of ''[[Kuntheria]]'' which has a somewhat woody stem. Their distribution is widespread including in temperate zones in North America, Europe, North Africa and the Middle east and tropical zones in Africa, Asia and Australasia. They are absent from South America. The family is of medium size with 15 genera and about 285 species. The largest genus is the type genus, ''Colchicum'', with 159spp. Although the alkaloids, which characterise them, they contain are toxic to animals and humans, Colchicine has usage medicinally and in botanical laboratories. They are also include popular garden and indoor ornamentals. These include ''[[Colchicum]]'' and ''[[Gloriosa (plant)|Gloriosa]]''. The family is named after [[Colchis]] on the eastern Black Sea.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Traub|Kress|2016}}
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{|
||[[File:Alstroemeria pelegrina. Mariposa de Los Molles).JPG|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Alstroemeria pelegrina]]''|alt=Alstroemeria pelegrina flower]]

==== Alstroemeriaceae ====
{{Main| Alstroemerieae}}
The Alstroemeriaceae (Inca-lily family) are erect or creeping perennial (rarely annual) herbaceous plants with occasional shrubby vines, some of which have evergreen stems. They are occasionally epiphytic and form often swollen rhizomes. They are found in tropical and temperate Central and South America, as well as Australasia. There are two large genera ([[Alstroemerieae]]), the erect ''[[Alstroemeria]]'' (S America 125 spp.) and twining ''[[Bomarea]]'' (Central & S America 122 spp.) and two very small genera ([[Luzuriageae]]) with 2 and 4 species each, for a total of 253 species in the family. Two species are widely used for food in S America, ''[[Alstroemeria ligtu]]'' is used for a flour ([[Chuño]]) that is extracted from its roots, while the tubers of ''[[Bomarea edulis]]'' are directly consumed. ''[[Luzuriaga radicans]]'', also from S America, produces fibre used in rope making. ''Alstroemeria'' cultivars are popular ornamentals and widely used as [[cut flowers]] (Peruvian lilies). The family is named for [[Clas Alströmer|Baron Clas Alströmer]] (1736–1794), a student of Linnaeus.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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{|
||[[File:Ripogonum scandens Ulva Island 2.JPG|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Ripogonum scandens]]''|alt=Developing inflorescence of Ripogonum scandens]]

==== Ripogonaceae ====
{{Main|Ripogonaceae}}
The Ripogonaceae (Supplejack family) is a very small family, with a single genus, ''Ripogonum'' and six species. They are woody evergreen shrubs and vines arising from a horizontal rhizome, swollen at its base to form a tuber. They are confined to Eastern Australasia, with the type species, ''Ripogonum scandens'' as the sole New Zealand species. The stems have a use in basketry and building and the young shoots are edible. The name is derived from two Greek words, ''ripos'' (wicker) and ''gony'' (node) in reference to their node bearing shoots.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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{|
||[[File:Philesia magellanica.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Philesia magellanica]]''|alt=Flowers of Philesia magellanic]]

==== Philesiaceae ====
{{Main|Philesiaceae}}
The Philesiaceae (Chilean-bellflower family) are a very small family consisting of two monotypic genera, the two species being ''[[Philesia magellanica]]'' and the similar ''[[Lapageria rosea]]''. They grow from a short woody rhizome, forming shrubs and vines respectively. They are found in the cool [[temperate forest]] of central and southern Chile, [[Magellan Straits|Magellan straits]] and adjacent Argentina, among the southern beech ([[Nothofagus]]) trees. ''Lapageria'' is the [[national flower]] of Chile and a popular ornamental with edible fruit. The name is thought to be related to the Greek word ''phileo'' (love), because of the attractiveness of its flowers.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}
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{|
||[[File:Smilax aspera.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Smilax aspera]]''|alt=Leaves and berries of Smilax aspera]]

==== Smilacaceae ====
{{Main|Smilacaceae}}
The Smilacaceae (Catbrier family) consist of a single large genus, ''[[Smilax]]'', with about 210 species,{{sfn|Qi et al|2013}} making it the second largest family of the order, after Liliaceae. They are perennial vines, shrubs or herbaceous, sometimes woody, plants with short fibrous woody (sometimes tuberous) rhizomes. Smilacaceae are pantropical with extension into temperate zones north (N America, Mediterranean, Russian Far East) and south (Eastern Australia). A number of species have been used in traditional medicine and as foodstuffs. ''[[Smilax china]]'' was used to treat [[gout]]. ''[[Smilax aristolochiifolia|S. aristolochiifolia]]'' was used to treat [[syphilis]] (but later as sarsaparilla to flavor [[root beer]] and confectionary). The fruit of ''[[Smilax megacarpa|S. megacarpa]]'' is consumed in [[conserves]]. The young shoots of many species are also edible. The family is named after the Greek myth of the affair between the mortal Krokos (or [[Crocus (mythology)|Crocus]]) and the nymph Smilax, whose punishment was to be turned into the prickly vine ''[[Smilax aspera]]''.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}
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{|
||[[File:ShoshanTzachor-2-wiki-Zachi-Evenor.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Lilium candidum]]''|alt=Flowers of Lilium candidum]]

==== Liliaceae ====
{{Main|Liliaceae}}
The lily family, Liliaceae, are the largest Liliales family, with 15 genera and about 700 species, though much reduced from earlier circumscriptions, in four subfamilies. Of these genera, ''[[Gagea]]'' is the largest (204 spp.), but some are quite small, with ''[[Medeola]]'' being monotypic. They are perennial herbaceous plants, growing from bulbs or corms (rarely creeping rhizomes), with actinomorphic hypogynous flowers that are often coloured and patterned. They are predominantly northern temperate in distribution, with extension to subtropical areas of N Africa, India, China and [[Luzon]], but are absent from the southern hemisphere. The bulbs have been used as foodstuffs or in traditional medicine. ''[[Cardiocrinum cordatum]]'' and ''[[Erythronium japonicum]]'' are sources of starch. Many Liliaceae are important in the floriculture and horticulture industries, particularly ''[[Tulipa]]'' and ''[[Lilium]]'', but also ''[[Fritillaria]]''. Many are also important ornamentals, such as ''[[Calochortus]]'', ''[[Cardiocrinum]]'', ''[[Clintonia]]'', ''[[Erythronium]]'' and ''[[Tricyrtis]]''. The name is derived from the Latin word for lily, ''lilium'', which in turn is derived from the Greek ''leirion'', a white lily.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Anderson|Janssen|2009|loc=p.&nbsp;205}}
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