Editing Leyden jar (section)

=== Musschenbroek and Cunaeus ===
The Leyden jar's invention was long credited to [[Pieter van Musschenbroek]], the physics professor at [[Leiden University]], who also ran a family [[foundry]] which cast [[brass]] [[cannonette]]s, and a small business (''De Oosterse Lamp'' – "The Eastern Lamp") which made [[Scientific instrument|scientific]] and [[Medical device|medical instruments]] for the new university courses in physics and for scientific gentlemen keen to establish their own [[cabinet of curiosities|'cabinets' of curiosities and instruments]].

Like von Kleist, Musschenbroek was also interested in, and attempting to repeat, Bose's experiment.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Heilbron|first1=John L.|author-link=John L. Heilbron |title=G. M. Bose: The prime mover in the invention of the Leyden jar?|journal=Isis|date=1966|volume=57|issue=2|pages=264–267|jstor=227966|doi=10.1086/350120|s2cid=144694754}}</ref> During this time, Andreas Cunaeus, a lawyer, learned about this experiment from Musschenbroek, and attempted to duplicate the experiment at home with household items.<ref name=Heilbron1979>{{cite book  |title=Electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries: a study of early Modern physics |last=Heilbron |author-link=John L. Heilbron  |first=J.L. |year=1979 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-03478-5 |pages=313–314 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlTLRUn1sy8C&pg=PA313}}</ref> Unaware of the "Rule of [[Charles François de Cisternay du Fay|Dufay]]", that the experimental apparatus should be insulated, Cunaeus held his jar in his hand while charging it, and was thus the first to discover that such an experimental setup could deliver a severe [[Electrical injury|shock]].<ref name=Heilbron1979/><ref>Van Rogan A. An overview of dielectric measurements. March 1990. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 25(1):95 - 106.</ref> He reported his procedure and experience to Swiss-Dutch [[Natural philosophy|natural philosopher]] [[Jean-Nicolas-Sébastien Allamand|Jean-Nicolas-Sebastian Allamand]], Musschenbroek's colleague.  Allamand and Musschenbroek also received severe shocks.  Musschenbroek communicated the experiment in a letter from 20 January 1746 to French entomologist [[René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur]], who was Musschenbroek's appointed correspondent at the [[French Academy of Sciences|Paris Academy]]. [[Jean-Antoine Nollet|Abbé Jean-Antoine Nollet]] read this report, confirmed the experiment, and then read Musschenbroek's letter in a public meeting of the Paris Academy in April 1746<ref name=Heilbron1979/> (translating from Latin to French).<ref>Here is Nollet's own account of the event. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35444/f140 Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'Électricité]" ''Mémoires de l' Académie Royale des Sciences De l'Année 1746'', Paris, 1751, pp. 1–3. The account from the Academy of Sciences only refers to the "Leyden experiment" (''l'expérience de Leyde''):  [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87779#page/13/mode/1up Sur l'Électricité]" ''Histoire de l' Académie Royale des Sciences De l'Année 1746'', Paris, 1751, pp. 1–17.</ref>

Musschenbroek's outlet in France for the sale of his company's 'cabinet' devices was the Abbé Nollet (who started building and selling duplicate instruments in 1735<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Nollet, Jean-Antoine|edition=2nd | date=2000 | publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |encyclopedia=Concise dictionary of scientific biography |page=652|isbn=9780684806310 | url=https://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar00#page/652/mode/2up}}</ref>).  Nollet then gave the electrical storage device the name "Leyden jar" and promoted it as a special type of flask to his market of wealthy men with scientific curiosity. The "Kleistian jar" was therefore promoted as the ''Leyden jar'', and as having been discovered by [[Pieter van Musschenbroek]] and his acquaintance Andreas Cunaeus.  Musschenbroek, however, never claimed that he had invented it,<ref name=Heilbron1979/> and some think that Cunaeus was mentioned only to diminish credit to him.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Benjamin|first1=P. | author-link= Park Benjamin Jr.|title=A History of Electricity: the intellectual rise in electricity |date=1898|publisher=Wiley|page=521|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924004128686#page/n533/mode/2up/}} and {{cite book|last1=Abbé de Mangin|title=Histoire générale et particuliere de l'électricité|date=1752|publisher=Chez Rollin|page=30|url=https://archive.org/stream/histoiregnralee01manggoog#page/n48/mode/2up/}}</ref>