Editing Lawrencium (section)

===Physical===
Lawrencium is the last [[actinide]]. Authors considering the subject generally consider it a [[group 3 element]], along with [[scandium]], [[yttrium]], and [[lutetium]], as its filled f-shell is expected to make it resemble the other [[period 7 element|7th-period]] [[transition metal]]s. In the [[periodic table]], it is to the right of the actinide [[nobelium]], to the left of the 6d transition metal [[rutherfordium]], and under the lanthanide lutetium with which it shares many physical and chemical properties. Lawrencium is expected to be a solid under normal conditions and have a [[hexagonal close-packed]] crystal structure (<sup>''c''</sup>/<sub>''a''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.58), similar to its lighter [[congener (chemistry)|congener]] lutetium, though this is not yet known experimentally.<ref name="hcp" /> The [[enthalpy]] of [[sublimation (phase transition)|sublimation]] of lawrencium is estimated at 352&nbsp;kJ/mol, close to the value of lutetium and strongly suggesting that metallic lawrencium is trivalent with three electrons [[delocalized electron|delocalized]], a prediction also supported by a systematic extrapolation of the values of [[heat of vaporization]], [[bulk modulus]], and [[atomic volume]] of neighboring elements to lawrencium.<ref name="Silva1644">{{harvnb|Silva|2011|p=1644}}</ref> This makes it unlike the immediately preceding late actinides which are known to be (fermium and mendelevium) or expected to be (nobelium) divalent.<ref>{{harvnb|Silva|2011|p=1639}}</ref> The estimated enthalpies of vaporization show that lawrencium deviates from the trend of the late actinides and instead matches the trend of the succeeding 6d elements rutherfordium and dubnium,<ref name=insights/><ref name=Jensen2015/> consistent with lawrencium's interpretation as a group 3 element.<ref name="Jensen2015">{{cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=William B. |date=2015 |title=The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |journal=Foundations of Chemistry |volume=17 |issue= |pages=23–31 |doi=10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |s2cid=98624395 |access-date=28 January 2021 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130011116/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some scientists prefer to end the actinides with nobelium and consider lawrencium to be the first transition metal of the seventh period.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.webelements.com/ |title=WebElements |last=Winter |first=Mark |date=1993–2022 |website= |publisher=The University of Sheffield and WebElements Ltd, UK |access-date=5 December 2022 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cowan |first=Robert D. |author-link= |date=1981 |title=The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra |url= |location= |publisher=University of California Press |page=598 |isbn=9780520906150}}</ref>

Lawrencium is expected to be a trivalent, silvery metal, easily [[redox|oxidized]] by air, [[steam]], and [[acid]]s,<ref name="Emsley2011">{{cite book|author=John Emsley|title=Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BAg769RfKoC&pg=PA368|date= 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-960563-7|pages=278–9}}</ref> and having an atomic volume similar to that of lutetium and a trivalent [[metallic radius]] of 171&nbsp;[[picometer|pm]].<ref name="Silva1644" /> It is expected to be a rather heavy metal with a density of around 14.4&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>.<ref name="density" /> It is also predicted to have a [[melting point]] of around 1900&nbsp;[[kelvin|K]] (1600&nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]<!--DON'T CHANGE IT, FALSE PRECISION OTHERWISE-->), not far from the value for lutetium (1925&nbsp;K).<ref>{{cite book | editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 84th | location = Boca Raton, FL | publisher = CRC Press | date = 2003 }}</ref>