Editing Lancaster, Lancashire (section)

===Medieval===
[[File:Lancaster in 1728.jpg|thumb|Lancaster in 1728]]
After the [[Norman conquest of England]] in 1066, Lancaster fell under the control of [[William the Conqueror|William I]], as stated in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, which has the earliest known mention of Lancaster as such in any document. The founding Priory charter dated 1094 is the first known document specific to Lancaster.<ref name="White 57">White, p. 57.</ref> By this time William had passed Lancaster and its surroundings to [[Roger the Poitevin|Roger de Poitou]]. The document also suggests the monastery was refounded as a parish church some time before 1066.<ref name="White 57"/>

Lancaster became a [[Ancient borough|borough]] in 1193 under [[Richard I of England|King Richard I]]. Its first [[Municipal charter|charter]], dated 12 June 1193, was from [[John, King of England|John]], [[List of counts of Mortain|Count of Mortain]], who later became King of England.<ref>White, p. 35.</ref>
[[File:DV342 Lancaster from the south.png|thumb|Lancaster from the south in 1825]]
[[Lancaster Castle]], partly built in the 13th century and enlarged by [[Elizabeth I]], stands on the site of a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[garrison]]. During [[The Great Raid of 1322]], damage was done to the castle by [[Robert the Bruce]], though it resisted the attack and was restored and strengthened by [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]], who added much of the Gateway Tower and a turret on the keep or Lungess Tower, which has been named "John o' Gaunt's Chair".<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Lancaster |volume=16 |pages=148–149 |inline=1}}</ref> In 1322 the Scots burnt the town. It was rebuilt but removed from its position on the hill to the slope and foot. Again in 1389, after the [[Battle of Otterburn]], it was destroyed by the Scots.<ref name=EB1911/> Lancaster Castle is known as the site of the [[Pendle witch trials]] in 1612. It was said that the court based in the castle (the Lancaster [[Assizes]]) sentenced more people to be [[hanging|hanged]] than any other in the country outside [[London]], earning Lancaster the nickname, ''"the Hanging Town"''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/lancast.html |title=Lancaster Castle |website=www.capitalpunishmentuk.org |access-date=24 July 2010 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408134330/http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/lancast.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It also figured prominently in the suppression of Catholicism during the Reformation – at least eleven Catholic priests were executed and a memorial to them as the [[Lancaster Martyrs]] stands by the city centre.

[[File:Lancaster from Lune Bank, Skerton.jpg|thumb|Lancaster in the 19th century]]
The traditional emblem of the [[House of Lancaster]] is the [[Red Rose of Lancaster]], similar to that of the [[House of York]] with a white rose. The names derive from emblems of the Royal Duchies of [[Duchy of Lancaster|Lancaster]] and [[Duke of York|York]] in the 15th century. This erupted into a [[civil war]] over rival claims to the throne during the [[Wars of the Roses]].

More recently the term ''"Wars of the Roses"'' has been applied to rivalry in sports between teams from [[Lancashire]] and [[Yorkshire]]. It is also applied to the annual [[Roses Tournament]] between Lancaster and York universities.<ref>Students celebrate...{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenationalstudent.co.uk/2010/05/04/students-celebrate-as-lancaster-triumphs-in-war-of-the-roses/ |title=STUDENTS CELEBRATE AS LANCASTER TRIUMPHS IN WAR OF THE ROSES &#124; the National Student |access-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810202750/http://www.thenationalstudent.co.uk/2010/05/04/students-celebrate-as-lancaster-triumphs-in-war-of-the-roses/ |archive-date=10 August 2010}}</ref>

[[File:St. George's Quay.JPG|thumb|St George's Quay]]
Lancaster gained a first [[charter]] in 1193<ref name=timeline>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/towns/lanctime.shtml |title=Lancaster Timeline |website=www.timetravel-britain.com |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712170222/https://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/towns/lanctime.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> as a [[market town]] and [[borough]], but had to await city status until 1937.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lancaster.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/civic-ceremonial/former-mayors-city-lancaster/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019171426/http://www.lancaster.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/civic-ceremonial/former-mayors-city-lancaster/ |url-status=dead |title=Former Mayors of the City of Lancaster |archive-date=19 October 2014}}</ref>