Editing Ladislaus the Posthumous (section)

===Wardship===
After the death of Ladislaus' mother, his claim to rule in Hungary and Bohemia was primarily protected by Jan Jiskra and Ulrich of Rosenberg, respectively.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}} Most parts of Hungary remained under the rule of Ladislaus's rival, Vladislaus.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}} In Bohemia, the [[Utraquism|moderate Hussite]] lord, [[Hynce Ptáček of Pirkstein]], administered the eastern territories, and the towns dominated by the radical [[Taborites]] were united in a league.{{sfn|Šmahel|2011|p=164}} The Hussite [[Ctibor Tovačovský of Cimburk]], who had assumed the title governor after Albert's death, continued to administer Moravia, closely cooperating with the towns and the Catholic [[Bishop of Olomouc]].{{sfn|Šmahel|2011|p=164}} [[Philip the Good]], [[Duke of Burgundy]], whom Elizabeth of Goerlitz made her heir, invaded Luxemburg on her behalf in 1443.{{sfn|Newcomer|1995|p=111}} Frederick III authorized the Estates of Luxemburg to pay homage to Philip the Good, but he also stipulated that Ladislaus could buy back the duchy after Elizabeth of Goerlitz's death.{{sfn|Newcomer|1995|p=111}} During Ladislaus's lifetime, the Luxembourgeoise Estates did not recognize Philip the Good as their legitimate sovereign.{{sfn|Newcomer|1995|p=113}}
[[File:Ladislaus Posthumous.jpg|thumb|left|Ladislaus the Posthumous]]

Ladislaus' rival, Vladislaus, died fighting against the Ottomans in the [[Battle of Varna]] on 10 November 1444.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=287}}{{sfn|Bak|1994|pp=64–65}} At the Diet of next year, the Hungarian Estates agreed that they would acknowledge the child Ladislaus as king if Vladislaus, whose fate was still uncertain, did not come back to Hungary before 1 June 1445.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=264}} However, they stipulated that they would elect a new king if the child king's guardian, Frederick III, did not release both the king and the Holy Crown of Hungary.{{sfn|Kontler|1999|p=116}} The Estates also elected seven "[[Captain in Chief|Captains in Chief]]"{{spaced ndash}}John Hunyadi, Nicholas Újlaki, [[George Rozgonyi]], [[Emeric Bebek]], [[Michael Ország]], Pancrace Szentmiklósi, and Jan Jiskra{{spaced ndash}}to administer the kingdom.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=265}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=288}} Frederick III stormed into Hungary, and captured a dozen fortresses along the western frontiers of Hungary, including [[Kőszeg]], by the end of July.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=265}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=288}} The Counts of Celje, who were related to Ladislaus through his mother, invaded [[Slavonia]] and took control of the province before the end of the year.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=265}}{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=551}} As Frederick III refused to release Ladislaus, the Diet of Hungary elected John Hunyadi regent for the period of Ladislaus' minority on 6 June 1446.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=288}} John Hunyadi, who adopted the title governor, ruled most part of Hungary, but could not expand his authority over the regions under the rule of Frederick III, Jan Jiskra and the Counts of Celje.{{sfn|Kontler|1999|p=116}} The envoys of the Hungarian Estates and Frederick III signed a truce on 1 June 1446, which confirmed Frederick III's guardianship over Ladislaus.{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=289}}

In Bohemia, [[George of Poděbrady]] took up the leadership of the moderate Hussite lords after the death of Hynce Ptáček.{{sfn|Šmahel|2011|p=164}} He captured Prague on 3 September 1448 and imprisoned [[Meinhard of Neuhaus]] who had started negotiations of the moderate Hussites' union with the Catholic Church.{{sfn|Šmahel|2011|p=164}}{{sfn|Agnew|2004|p=51}} Early the next year, Ulrich of Rosenberg and other Catholic lords entered into a formal league against Poděbrady.{{sfn|Šmahel|2011|p=164}}

Ladislaus had a good education in Frederick III's court.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}} A Latin grammar was completed especially for him.{{sfn|Tringli|2012|p=138}} [[Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini]] (the future Pope Pius II) summarized his advice on education in a letter that he addressed to the ten-year-old Ladislaus in 1450.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}}<ref name=Piccolomini>{{cite book |last=Piccolomini |first=Aeneas Sylvius |author-link=Pope Pius II |editor-last=Woodward |editor-first=W.H. | title=Vittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educators |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1912 |pages=134–158 |chapter=De Librorum Educatione (1450)  |url=https://history.hanover.edu/texts/aeneas.html |access-date=23 January 2015}}</ref> Piccolomini suggested that Ladislaus should read both classical authors (including [[Archimedes]], [[Cicero]], [[Livy]] and [[Vergil]]) and the Bible.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}}<ref name=Piccolomini/> He also emphasized the importance of [[physical training]], stating that "both mind and {{nobr|body ...}} must be developed side by side".{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}}<ref name=Piccolomini/>

{{Blockquote|As regards a boy's physical training, we must bear in mind that we aim at implanting habits which will prove beneficial through life. So let him cultivate a certain hardness which rejects excess of sleep and idleness in all its forms. Habits of indulgence{{spaced ndash}}such as the luxury of soft beds, or the wearing of silk instead of linen next the skin{{spaced ndash}}tend to enervate both body and {{nobr|mind. ...}} Childish habits of playing with the lips and features should be early controlled. A boy should be taught to hold his head erect, to look straight and fearlessly before him and to bear himself with dignity whether walking, standing, or {{nobr|sitting. ...}} Every youth destined to exalted position should further be trained in military exercises. It will be your destiny to defend Christendom against the Turk. It will thus be an essential part of Your education that you be early taught the use of the [[Bow and arrow|bow]], of the [[Sling (weapon)|sling]], and of the [[spear]]; that you drive, ride, leap and swine. These are honourable accomplishments in everyone, and therefore not unworthy of the educator's {{nobr|care. ...}} Games, too, should be encouraged for young children{{spaced ndash}}the ball, the hoop{{spaced ndash}}but these must not be rough and coarse, but have in them an element of {{nobr|skill. ...}} In respect of eating and drinking the rule of moderation consists in rejecting everything which needlessly taxes digestion and so impairs mental activity. At the same time fastidiousness must not be humoured. A boy, for instance, whose lot it may be to face life in the camp, or in the forest, should so discipline his appetite that he may eat even beef. The aim of eating is to strengthen the frame; so let vigorous health reject cakes or sweets, elaborate dishes of small birds or [[eel]]s, which are for the delicate and the weakly. ... As regards the use of wine, remember that we drink to quench thirst, and that the limit of moderation is reached when the edge of the intellect is dulled. A boy should be brought up to avoid wine; for he possesses a store of natural moisture in the blood and so rarely experiences thirst.|[[Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini]]: ''On the Education of Children''<ref name=Piccolomini/>}}

John Hunyadi signed a peace treaty with Frederick III on 22 October 1450.{{sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=174}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=292}} They agreed that Ladislaus would remain under Frederick III's guardianship until his eighteenth birthday, and during Ladislaus' minority Hunyadi would administer Hungary.{{sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=174}}{{sfn|Engel|2001|p=292}} Their agreement stirred up discontent among the Austrian Estates, because the [[age of majority]] was twelve or sixteen, according to local customs.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}}{{sfn|Beller|2006|p=143}} The Austrian lords tried to prevent Ladislaus from accompanying his guardian to [[Italy]] in late 1451.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=145}}{{sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=174}} However, Frederick took Ladislaus with him to [[Rome]] where Frederick was crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]].{{sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=174}} After their return from Italy, Emperor Frederick again refused to renounce the guardianship of Ladislaus, provoking the Austrian Estates to rise up in open rebellion in early 1452.{{sfn|Mureşanu|2001|p=174}} The representatives of the Austrian and Hungarian Estates, and the Bohemian Catholic lords, signed a treaty in Vienna on 5 March against Emperor Frederick, but he refused to hand over Ladislaus to them.{{sfn|Solymosi|Körmendi|1981|p=269}} On the other hand, the emperor assisted George of Poděbrady in gaining the newly established office of governor in Bohemia in April.{{sfn|Šmahel|2011|p=164}} The rebellious Austrian lords laid siege to [[Wiener Neustadt]], forcing Emperor Frederick III to hand over Ladislaus to Ulrich of Celje on 4 September.{{sfn|Pálosfalvi|2002|p=143}}{{sfn|Bartl|Čičaj|Kohútova|Letz|2002|p=50}}