Editing Kumbakonam (section)

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|86.07}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|9.57}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|3.99}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.0}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.0}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.23}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.13}}}}
{{Historical populations
|state=collapsed
|1871 |44444
|1881 |50098
|1891 |54307
|1901 |59673
|1911|64647
|1921|60700
|1931|62317
|1941|67008
|1951|91648
|1961|92581
|1971|113130
|1981|132832
|1991|139449
|2001|140021
|2011|140056
|footnote=Sources:
* 1871 – 1901:<ref name="imperialgazetteerp20" />
* 1911 – 1961:<ref name="censusofindia1969">{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1961, Volume 9|last=India. Office of the Registrar General|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=1969}}</ref>
* 1951 – 2001:<ref name="tnuifslp4" />
* 2011:<ref name="dashboard"/>
}}
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Kumbakonam had a population of 140,156 with a sex-ratio of 1,021 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 Jan 2014}}</ref> A total of 12,791 were under the age of six, constituting 6,495 males and 6,296 females. The average literacy of the town was 83.21%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> There were a total of 9,519 workers, comprising 32 cultivators, 83 main agricultural labourers, 1,206 in household industries, 7,169 other workers, 1,029 marginal workers, 24 marginal cultivators, 45 marginal agricultural labourers, 212 marginal workers in household industries and 0 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Kumbakonam|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=694195|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 Jan 2014}}</ref>

Kumbakonam has a strong Hindu majority, but it also has sizeable Muslim and Christian populations.<ref name="goughp33" /> Among Hindus, [[Vanniyars]], [[Kallars]],<ref name="goughp30" /><ref name="goughp31">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 31</ref> [[Tamil Brahmin|Brahmins]]<ref name="goughp19">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 19</ref><ref name="goughp27">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 27</ref> and [[Dalits]]<ref name="goughp33">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 33</ref><ref name="goughp32">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 32</ref> are the numerically dominant Tamil-speaking groups.<ref name="goughp19" /> Brahmins are more numerous and affluent in Kumbakonam than in other parts of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="goughp28" /><ref name="goughp27" /><ref name="goughp103">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 103</ref> There are also large populations of [[Moopanars]],<ref name="goughp30" /> [[Konar (caste)|Konar]]s<ref name="goughp31" /> and [[Nadars]].<ref name="goughp31" />  Amongst Muslims, the [[Tamil Muslim#Rowther|Tamil Muslims]] are dominant. Most of the Muslims are [[Rowther|Rowthers]].<ref name="goughp33" /> The majority of Muslims in Kumbakonam are involved in commerce or maritime trade.<ref name="morep40">{{cite book|title=Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras 1930–1947|page=40|first=Prashanth J.B.|last= More|year=1997|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=8125011927}}</ref> Kumbakonam also has a large population of [[Protestant]] [[Christians]] largely due to the efforts of the German missionary [[Christian Friedrich Schwarz]].<ref name="goughp33" />  The Catholics in Kumbakonam are mainly affiliated to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumbakonam]] which was separated from the Archdiocese of Pondicherry in 1899.<ref name="stthomasp261">{{cite book|title=The St. Thomas Christian encyclopaedia of India, Volume 1|page=261 |first1=Hambye|last1=Edward René|first2=George|last2=Menachery|year=1982}}</ref><ref name="catholicencyclopaediap229">{{cite book|title=The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church, Volume 12|publisher=Universal Knowledge Foundation|first=Charles George|last= Herbermann|year=1913|page=229}}</ref>

The population of Kumbakonam is predominantly Tamil-speaking. The commonly used dialects is the [[Central Tamil dialect]].<ref name="languagesp730">{{cite book|title=The World's major languages|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu00comrrich|url-access=registration|publisher=Oxford University|year=1987|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu00comrrich/page/730 730]|first=Bernard |last=Comrie|isbn=0195205219}}</ref> There are significant minorities speaking [[Thanjavur Marathi (language)|Thanjavur Marathi]],<ref name="dvaitap544">[[#Krishnamurti Sarma|Sarma]], p. 544</ref>  [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] and other regional languages as their mother tongue.<ref name="goughp30" /><ref name="goughp29">[[#Gough|Gough]] 1981, p. 29</ref><ref name="1971censusp89">{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1971: Tamil Nadu|page=89|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=1979|last1= K.|first1= Chockalingam}}</ref>

[[Residential area]]s make up 32.09% of the town's total area while commercial enterprises and industrial units make up 2.75% and 1.21%, respectively.<ref name="tnuifslp7">[[#TNUIFSL Report|TNUIFSL Report]] 2007, p. 7</ref> The non-urban portion of the town constitutes about 44.72% of the total area.<ref name="tnuifslp7" /> Kumbakonam has a total of 45 [[slums]] with a population of 49,117.<ref name="tnuifslp14">[[#TNUIFSL Report|TNUIFSL Report]] 2007, p. 14</ref>

As per the religious census of 2011, Kumbakonam had 86.07% [[Hindus]], 9.57% [[Muslims]], 3.99% [[Christians]], 0.% [[Sikhs]], 0.% [[Buddhists]], 0.23% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.13% following other religions and 0.% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

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