Editing Kołobrzeg (section)

=== Piast Poland and conversion ===
[[File:Budzistowo Church 2009-05b.jpg|thumb|250px|St John's Church, the remains of an early medieval settlement in modern [[Budzistowo]]]]

During [[Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages|Polish rule of the area]] in the late 10th century, the chronicle of [[Thietmar of Merseburg]] (975–1018) mentions ''salsa Cholbergiensis'' as the see of the [[Bishopric of Kołobrzeg]], set up during the [[Congress of Gniezno]] in 1000 and placed under the [[Archdiocese of Gniezno]].<ref name=Koebler341/> The congress was organized by [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Polish]] duke [[Bolesław Chrobry]] and Holy Roman Emperor [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]], and also led to the establishment of bishoprics in [[Bishopric of Kraków|Kraków]] and [[Bishopric of Wrocław|Wrocław]], connecting the territories of the Polish state.<ref name="Epoki"/> It was an important event not only in religious, but also political dimension in the history of the early Polish state, as it unified and organized medieval Polish territories.<ref name="Epoki"/>

The missionary efforts of bishop [[Reinbern]] were not successful, the [[Pomeranians (tribe)|Pomeranians]] revolted in 1005 and regained political and spiritual independence.<ref name="Berend">Nora Berend, ''Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' C. 900–1200'', Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.293, {{ISBN|0-521-87616-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-521-87616-2}}</ref><ref name="Warner">David Warner, ''Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg'', Manchester University Press, 2001, p.358, {{ISBN|0-7190-4926-1}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7190-4926-2}}</ref><ref name="Borgolte">Michael Borgolte, Benjamin Scheller, ''Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren: Die Berliner Tagung über den"akt von Gnesen"'', Akademie Verlag, 2002, p.282, {{ISBN|3-05-003749-0}}, {{ISBN|978-3-05-003749-3}}</ref><ref name="Wille">Michael Müller-Wille, ''Rom und Byzanz im Norden: Mission und Glaubenswechsel im Ostseeraum während des 8.-14. Jahrhunderts: internationale Fachkonferenz der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Verbindung mit der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz: Kiel, 18.-25. 9. 1994'', 1997, p.105, {{ISBN|3-515-07498-8}}, {{ISBN|978-3-515-07498-8}}</ref> In 1013 Bolesław Chrobry removed his troops from Pomerania in face of war with Holy Roman Emperor [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]].<ref name="Kalendarium"/> The [[German–Polish War (1002–18)|Polish–German war]] ended with Polish victory, which was confirmed by the 1018 [[Peace of Bautzen]].

During his campaigns in the early 12th century, [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] [[Pomerania during the High Middle Ages|reacquired Pomerania for Poland]], and made the [[House of Pomerania|local Griffin dynasty]] his vassals. The stronghold was captured by the Polish army in the winter of 1107/08, when the inhabitants (''cives et oppidani'') including a duke (''dux Pomeranorum'') surrendered without resistance.<ref name=Jarnut275>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.275, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> A previous Polish siege of the burgh had been unsuccessful; although the duke had fled the burgh, the Polish army was unable to break through the fortifications and the two gates.<ref name=Jarnut273274>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, pp.273–274, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> The army had however looted and burned the suburbium, which was not or only lightly fortified.<ref name=Jarnut273274/> The descriptions given by the contemporary chroniclers make it possible that a second, purely militarily used castle existed near the settlement, yet neither is this certain nor have archaeological efforts been able to locate traces thereof.<ref name=Jarnut274ff>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, pp.274 ff, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref> In the 12th-century Polish chronicle ''[[Gesta principum Polonorum]]'' Kołobrzeg was named a significant and ''famous city''.

During the subsequent [[Conversion of Pomerania|Christianization of the area]] by [[Otto of Bamberg]] at the behest of Bolesław, a St. Mary's church was built.<ref name=Schich/> This marked the first beginnings of German influence in the area.<ref name="Epoki"/> After Bolesław's death, as a result of the fragmentation of Poland, the [[Duchy of Pomerania]] became independent,<ref>Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, pp.386</ref> before the dukes became vassals of [[Denmark]] in 1185 and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1227.

Besides St. Mary's, a St. John's church and a St. Petri's chapel were built.<ref name=Jarnut282>Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, ''Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert'', Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, ''Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der [[Germania Slavica]]'', BWV Verlag, 2007, p.282, {{ISBN|3-8305-0378-4}}</ref>
A painting of the town of Kołobrzeg from the 13th century is located in the Museum of Polish Arms in the city.<ref>[http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=179 Nazwa Kołobrzeg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206071026/http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=179 |date=6 February 2012 }} Official website of the city</ref>