Editing King's College London (section)

=== 19th century ===
[[File:Williamotter.jpg|thumb|[[William Otter]] (1831–36), the first Principal of King's College London]]
King's opened in October 1831 with the cleric [[William Otter]] appointed as first principal and lecturer in divinity.<ref name="HIST" /> The [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] presided over the opening ceremony, in which a sermon was given in the chapel by [[Charles James Blomfield]], the [[Bishop of London]], on the subject of combining religious instruction with intellectual culture. Despite the attempts to make King's Anglican-only, the initial prospectus permitted, "nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely".<ref name="Hearnshaw">Hearnshaw (1929), p. 80</ref> [[William Howley]]: the governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not,<ref name="Hibbert">Hibbert, Weinreb, Keay, Keay (2008), p. 462</ref> though attendance at chapel was compulsory.<ref name=":6">''Prospectus of King's College, London: academical year 1854–55'', p. 7</ref>

King's was divided into a senior department and a junior department, also known as [[King's College School]], which was originally situated in the basement of the Strand Campus.<ref name="HIST" /> The Junior department started with 85 pupils and only three teachers, but quickly grew to 500 by 1841, outgrowing its facilities and leading it to relocate to [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]] in 1897 where it remains today, though it is no longer associated with King's College London.<ref name="Hibbert" /> Within the Senior department teaching was divided into three courses: a general course comprised divinity, classical languages, mathematics, English literature and history; a medical course; and miscellaneous subjects, such as law, political economy and modern languages, which were not related to any systematic course of study at the time and depended for their continuance on the supply of occasional students.<ref name="HIST" /> In 1833 the general course was reorganised leading to the award of the [[Associate of King's College]] (AKC), the first qualification issued by King's.<ref name="HIST" /> The course, which concerns questions of ethics and theology, is still awarded today to students and staff who take an optional three-year course alongside their studies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/akc|title=Associate of King's College London|publisher=King's College London|access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Strand102.jpg|The Embankment terrace entrance to the Strand Campus overlooking the [[River Thames]], originally designed by [[William Chambers (architect)|Sir William Chambers]], was completed by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Sir Robert Smirke]] in 1835|thumb|right]]

The river frontage was completed in April 1835 at a cost of £7,100,<ref name=":7">Thompson (1986), p. 6</ref> its completion a condition of King's College London securing the site from the Crown.<ref name="HIST" /> Unlike those in the school, student numbers in the Senior department remained almost stationary during King's first five years of existence. During this time the medical school was blighted by inefficiency and the divided loyalties of the staff leading to a steady decline in attendance. One of the most important appointments was that of [[Charles Wheatstone]] as professor of Experimental Philosophy.<ref name="HIST" />

At this time neither King's, "London University", nor the medical schools at the London hospitals could confer degrees. In 1835 the government announced that it would establish an examining board to grant degrees, with "London University" and King's both becoming affiliated colleges. This became the [[University of London]] in 1836, the former "London University" becoming ''University College, London'' (UCL).<ref name="victorianweb.org" /> The first University of London degrees were awarded to King's College London students in 1839.<ref name="historyandtoday">{{cite web |title=History & today |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/aboutkings/history/dates.aspx |publisher=King's College London|access-date=31 January 2016}}</ref>

In 1840, King's opened its own [[King's College Hospital|hospital]] on Portugal Street near [[Lincoln's Inn Fields]], an area composed of overcrowded [[Rookery (slum)|rookeries]] characterised by poverty and disease. The governance of [[King's College Hospital]] was later transferred to the corporation of the hospital established by the King's College Hospital Act 1851. The hospital moved to new premises in [[Denmark Hill]], [[Camberwell]] in 1913. The appointment in 1877 of [[Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister|Joseph Lister]] as professor of clinical surgery greatly benefited the medical school, and the introduction of Lister's [[antiseptic]] surgical methods gained the hospital an international reputation.<ref name="HIST" />

In 1845 King's established a Military Department to train officers for the Army and the [[British East India Company]], and in 1846 a Theological Department to train Anglican priests. In 1855, King's pioneered evening classes in London;<ref name="Hibbert" /> that King's granted students at the evening classes certificates of college attendance to enable them to sit University of London degree exams was cited as an example of the worthlessness of these certificates in the decision by the University of London to end the affiliated colleges system in 1858 and open their examinations to everyone.<ref>{{cite periodical |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vcI2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1005 |magazine=The Athenaeum |title=Opening of the University of London |pages=1005–1007 |date=8 August 1857 |volume=1554}}</ref>

{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = King's College London Act 1882
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = 
| year                  = 1882
| citation              = [[45 & 46 Vict.]] c. xiii
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 19 May 1882
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = King's College London Act 1978
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/45-46/13/pdfs/ukla_18820013_en.pdf
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
The '''{{visible anchor|King's College London Act 1882}}''' ([[45 & 46 Vict.]] c. xiii) amended the constitution. The act removed the proprietorial nature of King's, changing the name of the corporation from "The Governors and Proprietors of King's College, London" to "King's College London" and annulling the 1829 charter (although King's remained incorporated under that charter). The act also changed King's College London from a (technically) for-profit corporation to a non-profit one (no dividends had ever been paid in over 50 years of operation) and extended the objects of King's to include the education of women.<ref name="HIST" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The Calendar of King's College, London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-osAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR5 |date=1896 |pages=v–xvii}}</ref> The Ladies' Department of King's College London was opened in [[Kensington Square]] in 1885, which later in 1902 became King's College Women's Department<!--Not to be styled as KCL Women's Department – King's College Women's Department is the formal name.-->.<ref name="historyandtoday" />