Editing Kinase (section)

===Cyclin dependent kinases===

[[Cyclin dependent kinase]]s (CDKs) are a group of several different kinases involved in regulation of the [[cell cycle]]. They phosphorylate other proteins on their serine or threonine residues, but CDKs must first bind to a [[cyclin]] protein in order to be active.<ref name="cdk review">{{cite journal | vauthors = Harper JW, Adams PD | title = Cyclin-dependent kinases | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 101 | issue = 8 | pages = 2511–2526 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11749386 | doi = 10.1021/cr0001030 }}</ref> Different combinations of specific CDKs and cyclins mark different parts of the cell cycle. Additionally, the phosphorylation state of CDKs is also critical to their activity, as they are subject to regulation by other kinases (such as [[CDK-activating kinase]]) and [[phosphatases]] (such as [[Cdc25]]).<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Karp G |title=Cell and molecular biology : concepts and experiments|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley|location=Hoboken, NJ|isbn=9780470483374|edition=6th}}</ref> Once the CDKs are active, they phosphorylate other proteins to change their activity, which leads to events necessary for the next stage of the cell cycle. While they are most known for their function in cell cycle control, CDKs also have roles in transcription, metabolism, and other cellular events.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lim S, Kaldis P | title = Cdks, cyclins and CKIs: roles beyond cell cycle regulation | journal = Development | volume = 140 | issue = 15 | pages = 3079–3093 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23861057 | doi = 10.1242/dev.091744 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Because of their key role in the controlling cell division, mutations in CDKs are often found in cancerous cells. These mutations lead to uncontrolled growth of the cells, where they are rapidly going through the whole cell cycle repeatedly.<ref name=can>{{cite journal | vauthors = Canavese M, Santo L, Raje N | title = Cyclin dependent kinases in cancer: potential for therapeutic intervention | journal = Cancer Biology & Therapy | volume = 13 | issue = 7 | pages = 451–457 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22361734 | doi = 10.4161/cbt.19589 | doi-access = free }}</ref> CDK mutations can be found in [[lymphoma]]s, [[breast cancer]], [[pancreas|pancreatic]] [[tumor]]s, and [[lung cancer]]. Therefore, [[CDK inhibitor|inhibitors of CDK]] have been developed as treatments for some types of cancer.<ref name=can />