Editing Kibbutz (section)

=== Development of kibbutz movements ===
In 1927, the [[Kibbutz Movement#United Kibbutz Movement|United Kibbutz Movement]] was established. Several [[Hashomer Hatzair]] kibbutzim banded together to form [[Kibbutz Movement#Kibbutz Artzi|Kibbutz Artzi]]. In 1936, [[Socialist League of Palestine]] was founded, and served as an urban ally of HaKibbutz HaArtzi. In 1946, HaKibbutz HaArtzi and the Socialist League combined to form the [[Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party of Palestine]] which in 1948, merged with [[Ahdut HaAvoda]] to form the left-wing [[Mapam]] party.

[[File:Kiryat Anavim barn.jpg|thumb|First building in Kibbutz [[Kiryat Anavim]], a dairy barn]]
In 1928, Degania and other small kibbutzim formed ''Hever Hakvutzot'' ("The Kvutzot Association"). Kvutzot were deliberately small, not exceeding 200 members, in the belief that this was imperative for maintaining trust. Kvutzot did not have youth-group affiliations in Europe. Kibbutzim affiliated with the United Kibbutz Movement took in as many members as they could. [[Givat Brenner]] eventually came to have more than 1,500 members. Artzi kibbutzim were also more devoted to [[gender equality]] than other kibbutzim. Women called their husbands ''ishi'' ("my man") rather than the customary Hebrew word for husband ''ba'ali'' ({{lit|my master}}). The children slept in children's houses and visited their parents only a few hours a day.

There were also differences in religion. Kibbutz Artzi and United Kibbutz Movement kibbutzim were [[Secularity|secular]], even staunchly [[atheism|atheistic]], proudly trying to be "[[convent|monasteries]] without God". Although most mainstream kibbutznikim also disdained the [[Orthodox Judaism]] of their parents, they wanted their new communities to have Jewish characteristics nonetheless. Friday nights were still [[Shabbat]] with a white tablecloth and fine food and work was not done on Saturday if it could be avoided. Only later did some kibbutzim adopt [[Yom Kippur]] as the day to discuss fears for the future of the kibbutz. Kibbutzim also had collective [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah]]s for their children.

Kibbutznikim did not pray three times a day like their parents and grandparents, but would mark holidays like [[Shavuot]], [[Sukkot]], and [[Passover]] with dances, meals, and celebrations. One Jewish holiday, [[Tu BiShvat]], the "birthday of the trees" was substantially revived by kibbutzim. All in all, holidays with some kind of agricultural component, like Passover and Sukkot, were the most significant for kibbutzim.

Religious kibbutzim were established in clusters before the establishment of the State, creating the [[Religious Kibbutz Movement]]. The first religious kibbutz was [[Ein Tzurim]], founded in 1946.