Editing Kazakh language (section)

===Consonants===
The following chart depicts the consonant inventory of standard Kazakh;<ref>Some variations occur in the different regions where Kazakh is spoken, including outside Kazakhstan; e. g. ж / ج (where a Perso-Arabic script similar to the current [[Uyghur language#Writing system|Uyghur alphabet]] is used) is read {{IPA|[ʑ]}} in standard Kazakh, but {{IPA|[d͡ʑ]}} in some places.</ref> many of the sounds, however, are allophones of other sounds or appear only in recent loanwords. The 18 consonant phonemes listed by Vajda are without parentheses—since these are phonemes, their listed place and manner of articulation are very general, and will vary from what is shown. ({{IPA|/t͡s/}} rarely appears in normal speech.) Kazakh has 19 native consonant phonemes; these are the stops {{IPA|/p, b, t, d, k, ɡ, q/}}, fricatives {{IPA|/s, z, ɕ, ʑ, ʁ/}}, nasals {{IPA|/m, n, ŋ/}}, liquids {{IPA|/ɾ, l/}}, and two glides {{IPA|/w, j/}}.<ref name="Ozcelik">{{cite thesis |last=Öner |first=Özçelik |title=Kazakh phonology |publisher=Cambridge University |url=https://oozcelik.pages.iu.edu/papers/Kazakh%20phonology.pdf}}</ref> The sounds {{IPA|/f, v, χ, h, t͡s, t͡ɕ/}} are found only in loanwords. {{IPA|/ʑ/}} is heard as an alveolopalatal affricate {{IPA|[d͡ʑ]}} in the Kazakh dialects of Uzbekistan and Xinjiang, China. The sounds {{IPA|[q]}} and {{IPA|[ʁ]}} may be analyzed as allophones of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} in words with back vowels, but exceptions occur in loanwords.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ caption |Kazakh consonant phonemes<ref name="Vajda">{{citation
|last=Vajda
|first=Edward
|editor-last1=Kaplan
|editor-first1=E.
|editor-last2=Whisenhunt
|editor-first2=D.
|year=1994
|chapter=Kazakh phonology
|title=Essays presented in honor of Henry Schwarz
|place=Washington
|publisher=Western Washington
|pages=603–650
}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labials]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Alveolo-palatal consonant|(Alveolo-)<br />palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}} {{angbr|м/m}}
| {{IPA link|n}} {{angbr|н/n}}
|
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ŋ}} {{angbr|ң/ñ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| {{IPA link|p}} {{angbr|п/p}}
| {{IPA link|t}} {{angbr|т/t}}
|
| {{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|к/k}}
|{{IPA link|q}} {{angbr|қ/q}}
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|b}} {{angbr|б/b}}
| {{IPA link|d}} {{angbr|д/d}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɡ}} {{angbr|г/g}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
|
| {{IPA link|s}} {{angbr|с/s}}
| {{IPA link|ɕ}} {{angbr|ш/ş}}
|
|({{IPA link|χ}}) {{angbr|х/h}}
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
|
| {{IPA link|z}} {{angbr|з/z}}
| {{IPA link|ʑ}} {{angbr|ж/j}}
|
|({{IPA link|ʁ}}) {{angbr|ғ/ğ}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant]]
|
| {{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|л/l}}
| {{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|й/i}}
| {{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|у/u}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ}} {{angbr|р/r}}
|
|
|
|}

* Voiced obstruents syllable-finally become devoiced.<ref name="kaz-tili" />