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==First premiership (1901–1906)== {{seealso|First Katsura Cabinet}} [[File:Prime Minister Count Katsura Tarō.jpg|thumb|left|Prince Katsura Tarō during his premiership]] Katsura became prime minister for the first time on 2 June 1901, and he retained the office for four and a half years to 7 January 1906, which was then a record in Japan.<ref name=EB1911/> Japan emerged as a major [[imperialist]] power in East Asia. In terms of foreign affairs, it was marked by the [[Anglo-Japanese Alliance]] of 1902 and victory over the [[Russian Empire]] in the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904–1905. During his first premiership, the [[Taft–Katsura agreement]], accepting Japanese hegemony over [[Korea]], was reached with the [[United States]]. Katsura received the Grand Cross of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]] from King [[Edward VII]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and was elevated to the rank of [[marquess]] by [[Emperor Meiji]].<ref name=EB1911/> In terms of domestic policy, Katsura was a strictly conservative politician who attempted to distance himself from the [[National Diet|Imperial Diet]] and party politics. His political views mirrored that of former prime minister [[Yamagata Aritomo]] in that he viewed that his sole responsibility was to the Emperor. He vied for control of the government with the ''[[Rikken Seiyūkai]]'', the majority party of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|lower house]], headed by his archrival, [[Marquess]] [[Saionji Kinmochi]]. In January 1906, Katsura resigned the premiership to [[Saionji Kinmochi]] over the unpopular [[Treaty of Portsmouth]] (1905), ending the war between Japan and Russia. However, his resignation was part of a "back door deal," brokered by [[Hara Takashi]] to alternate power between Saionji and Hara. On 1 April 1906, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Supreme [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]].
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