Editing Karlsruhe (section)

==History==
According to legend, the name ''Karlsruhe'', which translates as "Charles' repose" or "Charles' peace", was given to the new city after a hunting trip when Margrave [[Charles&nbsp;III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach|Charles III William]] of [[Margraviate of Baden-Durlach|Baden-Durlach]] woke from a dream in which he dreamt of founding his new city. A variation of this story claims that he built the new palace to find peace from his wife.

Charles William founded the city on June 17, 1715, after a dispute with the citizens of his previous capital, [[Durlach]]. The founding of the city is closely linked to the construction of the [[Karlsruhe Palace|palace]]. Karlsruhe became the capital of [[Baden-Durlach]], and, in 1771, of the united [[Baden]] until 1945. Built in 1822, the ''Ständehaus'' was the first parliament building in a German state. In the aftermath of the democratic revolution of 1848, a republican government was elected there.

Karlsruhe was visited by [[Thomas Jefferson]] during his time as the American envoy to France; when [[Pierre Charles L'Enfant]] was planning the layout of [[Washington, D.C.]], Jefferson passed to him maps of 12 European towns to consult, one of which was a sketch he had made of Karlsruhe during his visit.<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=D5ypKh0Tg5oC&pg=PA35|title=Karlsruhe and the United States|pages=35–37|author=Volker C. Ihle|publisher=Sonstige|date= 2011|isbn=9783881903233}}</ref>

In 1860, the first-ever international professional [[convention (meeting)|convention]] of chemists, the [[Karlsruhe Congress]], was held in the city.<ref name="Ihde1961">{{cite journal |last1=Ihde |first1=Aaron J. |title=The Karlsruhe Congress: A centennial retrospective |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=February 1961 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=83–86 |doi=10.1021/ed038p83 |bibcode=1961JChEd..38...83I }}</ref>

In 1907 the town was site of the Hau Riot where large crowds caused disturbance during the trial of murderer [[Carl Hau]].

On [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938, the Adass Jeshurun synagogue was burned to the ground, and the city's Jews were later sent to the [[Dachau concentration camp]], [[Gurs internment camp|Gurs concentration camp]], [[Theresienstadt]], and [[Auschwitz]] during [[the Holocaust]], with 1,421 of Karlsruhe's Jews being killed.<ref name="Yad Vashem - Request Rejected">{{Cite web|url=http://db.yadvashem.org/deportation/place.html?language=en&itemId=5433380|title=Yad Vashem – Request Rejected|website=db.yadvashem.org}}</ref> During [[World War II]], it was the location of a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp for men,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1988|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Karlsruhe|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=26 November 2022|language=de}}</ref> and a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp, whose prisoners were mainly [[Polish people|Poles]] and [[Russians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/ss-bauzug/|title=SS Bauzug|website=Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau|access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref>

{{anchor|Allied air attacks}}Much of the central area, including the palace, was reduced to rubble by [[Allied bombing of Germany|Allied bombing]] during World War II, but was rebuilt after the war. Located in the American zone of the [[Allied-occupied Germany|postwar Allied occupation]], Karlsruhe was home to an [[United States Armed Forces|American military]] base, established in 1945. After the war, the city was part of [[West Germany]] until 1990. In 1995, the bases [[List of United States Army installations in Germany#Former installations|closed]], and their facilities were turned over to the city of Karlsruhe.<ref>{{cite web |first=Walter |last=Elkins |url=http://www.usarmygermany.com/Sont.htm?http&&&www.usarmygermany.com/USAREUR_City_Karlsruhe.htm |title=U.S. Army Installations – Karlsruhe |publisher=U.S. Army in Germany |access-date=2012-07-21}}</ref>