Editing Jury trial (section)

===Islamic law===
In classical [[fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]], litigants in court may obtain [[notarized]] statements from between three and twelve witnesses. When the statements of all witnesses are consistent, the notaries will certify their unanimous testimony in a legal document, which may be used to support the litigant's claim.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Justice of Islam|pages=7–9|author=Lawrence Rosen|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=9780198298847}}</ref> The notaries serve to free the [[qadi|judge]] from the time-consuming task of hearing the testimony of each eyewitness himself, and their documents serve to legally authenticate each oral testimony.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Expert Witness in Islamic Courts|year=2010|publisher=University of Chicago Press|author=Ron Shaham|pages=4–8|isbn=9780226749358}}</ref> The [[Maliki]] school of Islamic jurisprudence requires two notaries to collect a minimum of twelve eyewitness statements in certain legal cases, including those involving unregistered marriages and land disputes.<ref>{{cite book|title=Positive Law from the Muslim World|author=Baudouin Dupret|year=2021|isbn=9781108960137|pages=205–210|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Property, Social Structure, and Law in the Modern Middle East|year=1985|pages=54–64|editor=Ann Elizabeth Mayer|publisher=[[SUNY]] Press|isbn=9780873959889}}</ref> John Makdisi has compared this to [[English Common Law]] jury trials under King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]], surmising a link between the king’s reforms and the legal system of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]].<ref name="Rodhan">{{cite book|last1=Al-Rodhan |first1=Nayef R. F. |title=The Role of the Arab-Islamic World in the Rise of the West: Implications for Contemporary Trans-Cultural Relations |date=2012 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-39320-2 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4OpT4ZP278C |access-date=25 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Makdisi">{{cite journal |last1=Makdisi |first1=John |title=The Islamic Origins of the Common Law |journal=North Carolina Law Review |date=1 June 1999 |volume=77 |issue=5 |pages=1635 |url=https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol77/iss5/2/ |access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref>