Editing Judo (section)

===Judo versus jujutsu===
{{Main|Kodokan–Totsuka rivalry}}
Central to Kano's vision for judo were the principles of {{nihongo3|''seiryoku zen'yō''|精力善用||maximal efficiency, minimal effort}} and {{nihongo3|''jita kyōei''|自他共栄||mutual welfare and benefit}}. He illustrated the application of ''seiryoku zen'yō'' with the concept of {{nihongo3|''jū yoku gō o seisu''|柔能く剛を制す - 柔能剛制||softness controls hardness}}:
[[File:Judo.svg|right|thumb|upright=0.45|{{nihongo3|"Judo"|柔道|jūdō}}, written in [[kanji]] ]]
{{blockquote|In short, resisting a more powerful opponent will result in your defeat, whilst adjusting to and evading your opponent's attack will cause him to lose his balance, his power will be reduced, and you will defeat him. This can apply whatever the relative values of power, thus making it possible for weaker opponents to beat significantly stronger ones. This is the theory of ''ju yoku go o seisu''.<ref>Kano (2005) pp. 39–40</ref>}}

Kano realised that ''seiryoku zen'yō'', initially conceived as a jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application. Coupled with the [[Confucianism|Confucianist]]-influenced ''jita kyōei'', the wider application shaped the development of judo from a {{nihongo3|martial art|武術|bujutsu}} to a {{nihongo3|martial way|武道|budō}}. Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasized the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques. He was convinced that practice of jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general.<ref>For Kano's opinions on the wider applicability of ''jita kyōei'' to life see for example, Kano (2008) p. 107</ref> He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of jujutsu:

{{blockquote|At the time a few bujitsu (martial arts) experts still existed but bujitsu was almost abandoned by the nation at large. Even if I wanted to teach jujitsu most people had now stopped thinking about it. So I thought it better to teach under a different name principally because my objectives were much wider than jujitsu.<ref>Hoare (2009) p. 56</ref>}}

Kano believed that "''jūjutsu''{{-"}} was insufficient to describe his art: although {{nihongo3|''jutsu''|術}} means "art" or "means", it implies a method consisting of a collection of physical techniques. Accordingly, he changed the second character to {{nihongo3|''dō''|道}}, meaning "way", "road" or "path", which implies a more philosophical context than ''jutsu'' and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of ''[[tao]]''. Thus Kano renamed it {{nihongo3|judo|柔道|Jūdō}}.<ref>"Judo" had been used before then, as in the case of a jujutsu school that called itself {{nihongo3|''Chokushin-ryū Jūdō''|直信流柔道||Sometimes rendered as Jikishin-ryū Jūdō}}, but its use was rare.</ref>