Editing Juba II (section)

===Reign in Mauretania===

According to [[Strabo]], upon the death of the Mauretanian king [[Bocchus II]], who was an ally of the Romans, his kingdom was briefly governed directly by Rome (33 BC - 25 BC), then in 25 BC Juba II received it from [[Augustus]].<ref>Strabo's ''Geography'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D17%3Achapter%3D3#note-link15 Strab. 17.3])</ref>  When Juba II and Cleopatra Selene moved to [[Mauretania]], they named their new capital ''Caesaria'' (modern [[Cherchell]], [[Algeria]]), in honour of Augustus.  The construction and sculpture projects at Caesaria and another city, [[Volubilis]], display a rich mixture of [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]], [[Greek language |Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] architectural styles.

[[File:Mausolée_Royale_de_Maurétanie_-_الضريح_الملكي_الموريطاني.jpg|thumb| The tomb of Juba II and his wife in [[Tipaza]], [[Algeria]]]]
Cleopatra is said to have exerted considerable influence on Juba II's policies. Juba II encouraged and supported the performing arts, research of the sciences and research of natural history. Juba II also supported Mauretanian trade. The Kingdom of Mauretania was of great importance to the Roman Empire. Mauretania engaged in trade all across the Mediterranean, particularly with [[Spain]] and [[Italy]]. Mauretania exported [[fish]], [[grape]]s, pearls, figs, grain, wooden furniture and purple dye harvested from certain shellfish, which was used in the manufacture of purple stripes for senatorial robes.  Juba II sent a contingent to [[Iles Purpuraires]] to re-establish the ancient Phoenician dye manufacturing process.<ref>C. Michael Hogan, ‘[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17926. Mogador: Promontory Fort]’, ''The Megalithic Portal'', ed Andy Burnham, November 2, 2007.</ref> Tingis (modern [[Tangier]]), a town at the Pillars of Hercules (modern [[Strait of Gibraltar]]) became a major trade centre. In Gades, (modern [[Cádiz]]) and Carthago Nova (modern [[Cartagena, Spain |Cartagena]]) in [[Spain]], Juba II was appointed by Augustus as an honorary [[Duumviri|Duovir]] (a chief magistrate of a Roman colony or town).<ref>{{Cite web|title= Juba II | work = Collections Online |url= https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG93490 |access-date= 2020-09-28| publisher = British museum}}</ref>

The value and quality of the Mauretanian coinage became highly regarded. The Greek [[historian]] [[Plutarch]] describes him as 'one of the most gifted rulers of his time'. Between 2 BC and AD 2, he travelled with [[Gaius Caesar]] (a grandson of Augustus), as an advisor to the Eastern Mediterranean. In AD 21, Juba II made his son Ptolemy his co-ruler.  

Juba II died in AD 23. Juba II was buried alongside his first wife in the [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania]]. Ptolemy then became the sole ruler of Mauretania.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Arienne|date=2020-09-01|title=Juba II|url= https://www.worldhistory.org/Juba_II/|access-date=2020-09-28 |website= [[World History Encyclopedia]]}}</ref>