Editing Joual (section)

===Words of English origin===
{{main|List of French words of English origin}}
There are a number of English [[loanword]]s in ''Joual'', although they have been stigmatized since the 1960s,<ref>The standard reference to this subject is Gilles Colpron, ''Les anglicismes au Québec: Répertoire classifié. Montréal: Beauchemin''.</ref> instead favoring alternative terms promoted by the ''[[Office québécois de la langue française]]''. The commonality of English loanwords in ''Joual'' is attributed to the unilingually anglophone nature of the factory owners, business higher-ups, and industrial supervisors which employed the majority of French-speaking blue-collar workers throughout 20th century.<ref>Alexandre Lafrenière, ''Le Joual et les mutations du Québec. La question de la langue dans la définition de l’identité québécoise'',mémoire de maîtrise (sociologie), Université Laval, 2008.</ref> This need to use English in workplace environments, when referring to technical elements of the worker's labour, caused the gradual integration of English loanwords into French.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joual {{!}} l'Encyclopédie Canadienne |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/le-joual |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref> These words would eventually come to be conjugated and integrated as though they were traditionally French words (such as "Check" becoming the verb "Chequer"). The usage of [[deprecation|deprecated]] anglicisms varies both regionally and historically. In the table below are a few common ''Joual'' words of English origin. 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Joual word
!Pronunciation (approximation)
!Standard French word (approximation)
!English meaning 
!Example
|-
|Bécosse (f)
|{{IPA|[bekɔs]}}
|toilette extérieure (f)
|outdoor toilet (from "back house")
|''le boss des bécosses'' (someone who behaves as though they are the boss)
|-
|Bécik (m)
|{{IPA|[besɪk]}} or {{IPA|[bɛsɪk]}}
|bicyclette (f), vélo (m)
|bicycle
|
|-
|Bike (m)
|{{IPA|[bɑik]}}
|motocyclette (f)
|motorbike
|
|-
|Bines (f)
|{{IPA|[bɪn]}}
|fèves (f)
|beans
|
|-
|Braker
|[[Help:IPA|[bʁeike]]] 
|freiner
|to brake (verb)
|
|-
|Breakeur (m)
|[[Help:IPA|[bʁeikɚ]]] 
|disjoncteur (m)
|circuit breaker
|
|-
|Bum (m)
|[bʌm]
|clochard (m)
|bum, vagrant
|
|-
|Chequer
|{{IPA|[tʃɛke]}}
|vérifier 
|to check something out (verb)
|''check ben ça'' ("check this out")
|-
|Chum (m, sometimes f)
|[[Help:IPA|[tʃɔm]]]
|copain (m), ami (m), amie (f)
|boyfriend or male friend, occasionally female friend
|
|-
|Domper
|[[Help:IPA|[dõpe]]]
|jeter, rompre avec
|to throw out (rubbish) or to break up with someone (verb)
|''domper la puck'' (in hockey-"dumping the puck")
|-
|Flat (m)
|[flat] 
|crevaison (f), plongeon sur le ventre (m)
|flat tyre or belly flop (in the pool)
|
|-
|Frencher
|[[Help:IPA|[fʁɛntʃe]]]
|embrasser (avec langue)
|to French kiss (verb)
|
|-
|Froque (f)
|{{IPA|[fʁʌk]}}
|manteau (m)
|jacket
|
|-
|Hood (m)
|like in English or {{IPA|[ʊd]}}
|capot (m)
|hood of a car
|
|-
|Lift (m)
|[lɪft] 
|
|lift (as in giving someone a lift in a vehicle)
|
|-
|Pinotte (f)
|like in English, but with a shorter i
|arachide (f)
|peanut, also street slang for "amphetamines"
|
|-
|States (les)
|{{IPA|[steːts]}}
|États-Unis (les)
|the United States
|
|-
|Tank (m)
|[[Help:IPA|[tẽːk]]]
|réservoir (m)
|container, ''tank à gaz'': "fuel tank"
|
|-
|Toaster (m)
|[[Help:IPA|[tostɚ]]]
|grille-pain (m)
|toaster
|
|-
|Tough
|[[Help:IPA|[tɔf]]]
|dur, difficile
|tough
|
|-
|Truck (m)
|[[Help:IPA|[tʁɔk]]]
|camion (m)
|truck
|
|-
|Skidoo (m)
|{{IPA|[skidu]}}
|motoneige (f)
|snowmobile (from [[Bombardier Recreational Products|Bombardier]]'s "[[Ski-Doo]]")
|
|-
|Screen (m)
|{{IPA|[skɻiːŋ]}}
|moustiquaire (f)
|screen of a window
|
|-
|Windshield
|{{IPA|[wɪnʃiːl]}}
|pare-brise (m) 
|windshield
|
|}
Some words were also previously thought to be of English origin, although modern research has shown them to be from regional French dialects:
* Pitoune (log, cute girl, loose girl): previously thought to come from "happy town" although the word ''pitchoune'' exists in dialects from southern France (possibly coming from the [[Occitan language|Occitan]] word ''pichona'', "little girl"), now used to mean "cute girl".<ref>{{Citation |title=pitoune |date=2022-12-06 |url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pitoune&oldid=31069702 |work=Wiktionnaire |language=fr |access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref>
* [[Poutine]]: was thought to come from "pudding", but some have drawn a parallel with the Occitan language (also called Provençal or Languedoc) term ''podinga'', a stew made of scraps, which was the previous use of the term in Montreal.<ref>{{Citation |title=poutine |date=2022-12-06 |url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=poutine&oldid=31068145 |work=Wiktionnaire |language=fr |access-date=2023-02-01}}</ref>