Editing Joseph Stalin (section)

=== 1905–1912: Revolution of 1905 and aftermath ===
[[File:Lenin at Tampere.JPG|thumb|Stalin first met [[Vladimir Lenin]] at [[Tampere conference of 1905|a 1905 conference in Tampere, Finland]].]]
In January 1905, government troops [[Bloody Sunday (1905)|massacred protesters]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] spreading across the Empire in the [[Revolution of 1905]].{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=80|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=56|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3p=126}} Stalin was in [[Baku]] in February when [[Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1906|ethnic violence]] broke out between Armenians and Azeris,{{sfnm|1a1=Service|1y=2004|1p=58|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2pp=128–129}} and he formed Bolshevik "battle squads" which he used to keep the city's warring ethnic factions apart.{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=129}} His armed squads attacked local police and troops,{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=132}} raided arsenals,{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=143}} and raised funds via [[protection racket]]s.{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|pp=132–133}}{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=87|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2pp=135, 144}} In November 1905, the Georgian Bolsheviks elected Stalin as one of their delegates to a [[Tampere conference of 1905|Bolshevik conference in Tampere, Finland]],{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1pp=89–90|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=60|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3p=145}} where he met Lenin.{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=90|2a1=Conquest|2y=1991|2p=37|3a1=Service|3y=2004|3p=60|4a1=Kotkin|4y=2014|4p=81}} Although Stalin held Lenin in deep respect, he vocally disagreed with his view that the Bolsheviks should field candidates for the [[1906 Russian legislative election|1906 election]] to the [[State Duma (Russian Empire)|State Duma]]; Stalin viewed parliamentary process as a waste of time.{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=92|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=147|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=105}} In April 1906, he attended the [[4th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|RSDLP's Fourth Congress]] in [[Stockholm]], where the party—then led by a Menshevik majority—agreed that it would not raise funds using armed robbery.{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=96|2a1=Conquest|2y=1991|2p=40|3a1=Service|3y=2004|3p=62|4a1=Khlevniuk|4y=2015|4p=26}} Lenin and Stalin disagreed with this,{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=96|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=62|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=113}} and privately discussed continuing the robberies for the Bolshevik cause.{{sfnm|1a1=Montefiore|1y=2007|1p=168|2a1=Kotkin|2y=2014|2p=113}}[[File:Stalin's Mug Shot.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mug shot|Mugshot]] of Stalin made in 1911]]Stalin married [[Kato Svanidze]] in July 1906,{{sfnm|1a1=Service|1y=2004|1p=64|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=159|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=105|4a1=Semeraro|4y=2017|4p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bAXMDwAAQBAJ&dq=Kato+Svanidze+stalin+orthodox+church+1906&pg=PT87 ??]}} and in March 1907 she gave birth to their son [[Yakov Dzhugashvili|Yakov]].{{sfnm|1a1=Service|1y=2004|1p=64|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=167|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=106|4a1=Khlevniuk|4y=2015|4p=25}} Stalin, who by now had established himself as "Georgia's leading Bolshevik",{{sfn|Service|2004|p=65}} organised the June 1907 [[1907 Tiflis bank robbery|robbery of a bank stagecoach in Tiflis]] to fund the Bolsheviks. His operatives ambushed the convoy in [[Freedom Square, Tbilisi|Erivansky Square]] with guns and homemade bombs; around 40 people were killed.{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1pp=41–42|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=75|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=113}} Stalin settled in Baku with his wife and son,{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=100|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=180|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=114}} where Mensheviks confronted him about the robbery and voted to expel him from the RSDLP, but he ignored them.{{sfnm|1a1=Deutscher|1y=1966|1p=100|2a1=Conquest|2y=1991|2pp=43–44|3a1=Service|3y=2004|3p=76|4a1=Montefiore|4y=2007|4p=184}} Stalin secured Bolshevik domination of Baku's RSDLP branch{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=190}} and edited two Bolshevik newspapers.{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=186}} In November 1907, his wife died of [[typhus]],{{sfnm|1a1=Montefiore|1y=2007|1p=191|2a1=Kotkin|2y=2014|2p=115}} and he left his son with her family in Tiflis.{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=44|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=71|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3p=193|4a1=Kotkin|4y=2014|4p=116}} In Baku he reassembled his gang,{{sfn|Montefiore|2007|p=194}} which attacked [[Black Hundreds]] and raised money through racketeering, counterfeiting, robberies{{sfnm|1a1=Service|1y=2004|1p=74|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=196|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=115}} and kidnapping the children of wealthy figures for ransom.{{sfnm|1a1=Montefiore|1y=2007|1pp=197–198|2a1=Kotkin|2y=2014|2p=115}}

In March 1908, Stalin was arrested and imprisoned in [[Baku]].{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=44|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=68|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3p=203|4a1=Kotkin|4y=2014|4p=116}} He led the imprisoned Bolsheviks, organised discussion groups, and ordered the killing of suspected informants.{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=45|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2pp=203–204}} He was sentenced to two years of exile in [[Solvychegodsk]] in northern Russia, arriving there in February 1909.{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=45|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=68|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3pp=206, 208|4a1=Kotkin|4y=2014|4p=116}} In June, Stalin escaped to Saint Petersburg,{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=46|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2p=212|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=117}} but was arrested again in March 1910 and sent back to Solvychegodsk.{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=46|2a1=Montefiore|2y=2007|2pp=222, 226|3a1=Kotkin|3y=2014|3p=121}} In June 1911, Stalin was given permission to move to [[Vologda]] where he stayed for two months.{{sfnm|1a1=Conquest|1y=1991|1p=47|2a1=Service|2y=2004|2p=80|3a1=Montefiore|3y=2007|3pp=231, 234|4a1=Kotkin|4y=2014|4p=121}} He then escaped to Saint Petersburg,{{sfnm|1a1=Montefiore|1y=2007|1p=236|2a1=Kotkin|2y=2014|2p=121}} where he was arrested again in September 1911 and sentenced to a further three years of exile in Vologda.{{sfnm|1a1=Montefiore|1y=2007|1p=237|2a1=Kotkin|2y=2014|2pp=121–22}}