Editing Joseph Paxton (section)

==Crystal Palace==
[[Image:Crystal Palace from the northeast from Dickinson's Comprehensive Pictures of the Great Exhibition of 1851. 1854.jpg|thumb|upright|The 1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park .]]

The Great Conservatory was the [[Testbed|test-bed]] for the prefabricated glass and iron structural techniques which Paxton pioneered and would employ for his masterpiece: [[The Crystal Palace]] of the [[Great Exhibition]] of 1851. These techniques were made physically possible by recent technological advances in the manufacture of both glass and cast iron, and financially possible by the dropping of a [[Glass tax|tax on glass]].
[[Image:Gtexhib.jpg|thumb|upright|Sir Joseph Paxton (1803–65), Facsimile of the First Sketch for the Great Exhibition Building, About 1850, Pen and ink on blotting paper V&A Museum no. E.941–1983<ref>{{cite web |publisher= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]
 |url= https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O186594/print-facsimile-of-sir-joseph-paxtons/
 |title= Facsimile of the First Sketch for the Great Exhibition Building
 |work=History, Periods & Styles
 |access-date= 9 December 2007}}</ref> Victoria and Albert Museum, London]]

In 1850 the [[Royal Commission]] appointed to organise the Great Exhibition were in a quandary. An international competition to design a building to house the Exhibition had produced 245 designs, of which only two were remotely suitable, and all would take too long to build and would be too permanent. There was an outcry by the public and in Parliament against the desecration of [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]].

Paxton was visiting London in his capacity as a director of the [[Midland Railway]] to meet the chairman [[John Ellis (businessman)|John Ellis]] who was also a member of parliament. He happened to mention an idea he had for the hall, and Ellis promptly encouraged to produce some plans, provided they could be ready in nine days. Unfortunately he was committed for the next few days, but at a board meeting of the railway in Derby, it is said he appeared to be spending much of his time doodling on a sheet of [[blotting paper]]. At the end of the meeting he held up his first sketch of the Crystal Palace, inspired by the Victoria Regia House. The sketch is now in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].

He completed the plans and presented them to the Commission, but there was opposition from some members, since another design was well into its planning stage. Paxton decided to by-pass the Commission and published the design in the ''[[Illustrated London News]]'' to universal acclaim.

Its novelty was its revolutionary modular, prefabricated design, and use of glass. Glazing was carried out from special trolleys, and was fast: one man managed to fix 108 panes in a single day. The Palace was {{convert|1848|ft|m|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|408|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|108|ft|m|abbr=on}} high.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Crystal Palace of Hyde Park |url=http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~struct/resources/case_studies/case_studies_simplebeams/paxton_palace/paxton_palace.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312125040/http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~struct/resources/case_studies/case_studies_simplebeams/paxton_palace/paxton_palace.html |archive-date=12 March 2012}}</ref> It required 4,500 tons of iron, {{convert|60000|ft2|m2|abbr=on}} of timber and needed over 293,000 panes of glass. Yet it took 2,000 men just eight months to build, and cost just £79,800. Quite unlike any other building, it was itself a demonstration of British technology in iron and glass. In its construction, Paxton was assisted by [[Charles Fox (civil and railway engineer)|Charles Fox]], also of Derby for the iron framework, and [[William Cubitt]], Chairman of the Building Committee. All three were [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]]. After the exhibition they were employed by the Crystal Palace Company to move it to [[Sydenham, London|Sydenham]] where it remained until it was destroyed by fire in 1936.