Editing January 16 (section)

===1901–present===
*[[1909]] &ndash; [[Ernest Shackleton]]'s expedition finds the magnetic [[South Pole]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. K. Headland|title=Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sg49AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA240|year=1989|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-30903-5|pages=240}}</ref>
*[[1913]] &ndash; Indian mathematician [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] writes his first letter to [[G. H. Hardy]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], stating without proof various formulae involving [[integral]]s, [[infinite series]], and [[continued fraction]]s, beginning a long correspondence between the two as well as widespread recognition of Ramanujan's results.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/brucec.berndtandroberta.rankinramanujanzlib.org/mode/2up |title=Bruce C. Berndt And Robert A. Rankin Ramanujan |language=English}}</ref>
*[[1919]] &ndash; [[Nebraska]] becomes the 36th state to approve the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]]. With the necessary three-quarters of the states approving the amendment, [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] is constitutionally mandated in the United States one year later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nation Voted Dry|work=The New York Times|date=January 17, 1919|pages=1, 4}}</ref>
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[League of Nations]] holds its first council meeting in [[Paris|Paris, France]].
*[[1921]] &ndash; The [[Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine]] holds its founding congress in [[Ľubochňa]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: Nazi Germany begins deporting Jews from the [[Łódź Ghetto]] to [[Chełmno extermination camp]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-holocaust-and-world-war-ii-key-dates|access-date=2022-01-17|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en}}</ref> 
*  1942 &ndash; Crash of [[TWA Flight 3]], killing all 22 aboard, including film star [[Carole Lombard]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Final Curtain|magazine=Billboard|date=January 24, 1942|page=29|access-date=January 16, 2020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAwEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Carole+Lombard%22+%22January+16%22&pg=PT28}}</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] moves into his underground bunker, the so-called [[Führerbunker]].
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 205]] crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near [[Astor Piazzolla International Airport]] in [[Mar del Plata]], Argentina, killing 51.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Curtiss C-46A-50-CU Commando LV-GED Mar del Plata, BA|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19590116-0|access-date=2022-01-15|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1969]] &ndash; [[Czechs|Czech]] student [[Jan Palach]] commits suicide by [[self-immolation]] in [[Prague|Prague, Czechoslovakia]], in protest against the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]s' crushing of the [[Prague Spring]] the year before.<ref>{{cite book|last=McRae|first=Robert Grant|title=Resistance and Revolution: Vaclav Havel's Czechoslovakia|location=Ottawa|publisher=Carleton University Press|date=1997|isbn=9780886293161|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-Nj0s5wRhkC|page=21}}</ref>
*  1969 &ndash; [[Space Race]]: Soviet spacecraft ''[[Soyuz 4]]'' and ''[[Soyuz 5]]'' perform the first-ever docking of crewed spacecraft in [[low Earth orbit|orbit]], the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a [[extravehicular activity|space walk]].
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Iranian Revolution]]: The [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|last Iranian Shah]] flees [[Iran]] with his family for good and relocates to [[Egypt]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Edward H. Lawson|author2=Mary Lou Bertucci|title=Encyclopedia of Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-SrdFtSuDUC&pg=PA880|year=1996|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-56032-362-4|pages=880}}</ref>
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Turkish Airlines Flight 158]] crashes at [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport]] in [[Ankara]], Turkey, killing 47 and injuring 20.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2F2 TC-JBR Ankara-Esenboga Airport (ESB)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19830116-1|access-date=2022-01-15|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[1991]] &ndash; Coalition Forces go to war with [[Iraq]], beginning the [[Gulf War]].
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[El Salvador]] officials and rebel leaders sign the [[Chapultepec Peace Accords]] in [[Mexico City|Mexico City, Mexico]] ending the 12-year [[Salvadoran Civil War]] that claimed at least 75,000 lives.
*[[1995]] &ndash; An [[1995 Súðavík avalanche|avalanche]] hits the Icelandic village [[Súðavík]], destroying 25 homes and burying 26 people, 14 of whom died.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timarit.is/page/1821870|title=Tímarit.is|first=Landsbókasafn Íslands-|last=Háskólabókasafn|website=timarit.is}}</ref>
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Second Congo War]]: [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] President [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] is [[Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila|assassinated by one of his own bodyguards]] in Kinshasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revealed: How Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/11/theobserver |access-date=16 May 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=11 February 2001 |language=en}}</ref>
*  2001 &ndash; US President [[Bill Clinton]] awards former President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] a posthumous [[Medal of Honor]] for his service in the [[Spanish–American War]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]: The [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of [[Osama bin Laden]], [[al-Qaeda]], and the remaining members of the [[Taliban]].
*[[2003]] &ndash; The [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] takes off for mission [[STS-107]] which would be its final one. ''Columbia'' [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry]].
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] is sworn in as [[Liberia]]'s new [[President of Liberia|president]]. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.<ref>{{cite web|title=First female African leader sworn in|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2006/01/16/first-female-african-leader-sworn-in/|work=[[The Denver Post]]|agency=Associated Press|date=May 8, 2016|orig-date=January 16, 2006|access-date=January 16, 2024|location=Monrovia, Liberia}}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Syrian civil war]]: The [[Movement for a Democratic Society]] (TEV-DEM) is established with the stated goal of re-organizing [[Syria]] along the lines of [[democratic confederalism]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shilton |first1=Dor |title=In the Heart of Syria's Darkness, a Democratic, Egalitarian and Feminist Society Emerges |url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-amid-syria-s-darkness-a-democratic-egalitarian-and-feminist-society-emerges-1.7339983 |access-date=16 October 2019 |work=Haaretz |date=9 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=TOLHILDAN |first1=AXİN |title=Muslim: Our goal is for TEV-DEM to organize the 3rd territory |url=https://anfenglish.com/features/muslim-our-goal-is-for-tev-dem-to-organize-the-3rd-territory-29245 |access-date=5 October 2019 |work=ANF News |agency=Firat News Agency |date=27 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; The [[Mali War]] begins when [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad|Tuareg militias]] start fighting the Malian government for independence.<ref>{{Cite news|date=August 26, 2020|title=Mali profile - Timeline|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13881978|access-date=January 26, 2022}}</ref>
*[[2016]] &ndash; Thirty-three out of 126 freed hostages are injured and 23 killed in terrorist [[2016 Ouagadougou attack|attacks in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]] on a hotel and a nearby restaurant.
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Turkish Airlines Flight 6491]] crashes into a residential area near [[Manas International Airport]] in Kyrgyzstan, killing 39 people.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 January 2017 |title=Kyrgyzstan plane crash: Dozens die as Turkish cargo jet hits homes |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38633526 |accessdate=31 July 2018}}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; [[Myanmar]] [[Myanmar Police Force|police]] [[Mrauk U riot|open fire]] on a group of ethnic [[Rakhine people|Rakhine]] protesters, killing seven and wounding twelve.<ref name="BBC17118">{{cite news|title=Myanmar police kill Rakhine protesters|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42714024|access-date=6 April 2018|work=BBC News|date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; The [[first impeachment of Donald Trump]] formally moves into its trial phase in the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite web|website=The Guardian|location=London|title=Trump impeachment trial begins as Schiff reads out charges against president – live|date=January 16, 2020|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2020/jan/16/trump-impeachment-trial-live-news-ukraine-pelosi-giuliani-latest-updates-senate-democrats|author=Amanda Holpuch}}</ref>
*  2020 &ndash; The United States Senate ratifies the [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement]] as a replacement for [[North American Free Trade Agreement|NAFTA]].<ref>"[https://millercenter.org/president/trump/key-events Donald Trump - Key Events | Miller Center]". ''millercenter.org''. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2022-01-11.</ref>