Editing Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (section)

===Wars in the East and South===
[[Image:HetmanChodkiewicz.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Jan Karol Chodkiewicz painted by [[Juliusz Kossak]]]]
Meanwhile, the [[Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)|Dimitriad wars]] with [[Tsardom of Russia|Muscovy]] broke out. Instigated by King Sigismund III, the war was unpopular among Lithuanian magnates, and Chodkiewicz was no exception; in fact his displeasure was so public and significant that he lost the royal favor for a time.<ref name="psb365"/> Eventually their differences subsided, and Chodkiewicz was sent against the Muscovites, operating first near [[Smolensk]] and [[Pskov]].<ref name="psb365"/><!--with an army of 2,000--> Soon, the Polish–Lithuanian forces started garnering victories, such as the [[Siege of Smolensk (1609–1611)|capture of Smolensk]], and some, like Grand Crown Hetman Żółkiewski, planned for a grand [[Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth]].<ref name="psb365"/> Chodkiewicz was tasked by the king with an advance on Moscow.<ref name="psb365"/> However, the Sejm neglected to pay for the maintenance of the armies once more, resulting in the mutiny of some units. Chodkiewicz fought several inconclusive battles against the Muscovites in autumn 1611 and then, after the [[Battle of Moscow (1612)]], retreated.<ref name="psb365"/> Disappointed with the outcome, he became once again estranged from the king, and criticized the campaign at the Sejm of 1613.<ref name="psb365"/> Over the next few years, in the period of 1613–15, Chodkiewicz defended the Commonwealth gains in the Smolensk area, and dealt with unrest in Lithuania.<ref name="psb365"/>  Not till the crown prince, [[Władysław IV Vasa|Władysław]] arrived with tardy reinforcements did the war could assume a more offensive character once again.<ref name="psb365"/> The army, nominally commanded by Władysław, but in practice under Chodkiewicz's experienced command, took the [[Dorogobuzh]] fortress on 11 October 1617.<ref name="psb365"/> <!--During that campaign, among many officers under Chodkiewicz's command, was future hetman, [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]].--> The siege of [[Mozhaysk]] in December of subsequent year proved unsuccessful, and this marked the end of the conflict.<ref name="psb365"/>

[[Image:Józef Brandt, Bitwa pod Chocimiem.jpg|thumb|250px|Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (in red) at Chocim, 1621]]
[[File:JKChodkiewicz.JPG|left|thumb|[[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Great Hetman]] of [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], Jan K. Chodkiewicz]]
The Polish-Muscovite War had no sooner been ended by the [[Truce of Deulino]] than Chodkiewicz was hastily dispatched southwards to defend the southern frontier against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]], who, in the opening phase of the [[Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)|Polish–Ottoman War]], defeated Polish forces at [[Battle of Cecora (1620)|Cecora]], killing Hetman Żółkiewski.<ref name="psb365"/><ref name="Nagielski1995-138-139"/> An army of 160,000 [[Turkish people|Turks]] and 60,000 [[Tatars]] led by [[Sultan]] [[Osman II]] in person advanced <!--from [[Adrianople]]--> on the Polish frontier.<ref name="psb365"/> Opposed it were the Commonwealth forces, numbering about 70,000, half of them a [[Cossack]] detachment under [[Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks|Cossack hetman]] [[Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny]].<ref name="psb365"/> Chodkiewicz crossed the [[Dnieper]] in September 1621, and entrenched himself in the [[Khotyn Fortress]], directly in the path of the Ottoman advance.<ref name="psb365"/> During the [[Battle of Khotyn (1621)|Battle of Khotyn]] Chodkiewicz resisted the sultan's 200-thousand army for a whole month,<!--, repelling all its assaults till the first fall of autumn snow compelled Osman to withdraw his diminished forces-->.<ref name="psb365"/><ref name="Penson"/> but the  victory cost his life. A few days before the siege was raised and the Ottomans decided to open negotiations, the aged Grand Lithuanian Hetman, already suffering from illness since the campaign's opening, died in the fortress on 24 September 1621.<ref name="psb365"/><ref name="Penson"/>

Chodkiewicz's body was transported to [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], where he was buried on  14 October 1621.<ref name="psb367"/> A few years later, in the summer of 1622, his widow arranged for exhumation, and Chodkiewicz was reburied in [[Ostroh]] in June that year.<ref name="psb367"/> In 1627 he was moved to a new chapel in Ostroh, where he reburied again.<ref name="psb367"/> His body was evacuated from Ostroh during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] in 1648, and returned there in 1654.<ref name="psb367"/> It was reburied yet again in a new tomb in Ostroh in 1722.<ref name="psb367"/>