Editing James Wolfe (section)

===Jacobite rising===
[[File:The Battle of Culloden.jpg|thumb|left|400px|During the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]], Wolfe fought at the decisive [[Battle of Culloden]] in Scotland in April 1746. ''[[An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745]]'' by [[David Morier]].]]

In July 1745, [[Charles Edward Stuart|Charles Stuart]] landed in Scotland in an attempt to regain the British throne for his father, the exiled [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Stuart]]. In the initial stages of the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|1745 Rising]], the Jacobites captured [[Edinburgh]] and defeated government forces at the [[Battle of Prestonpans]] in September. This resulted in the recall of [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|Cumberland]], commander of the British army in [[Flanders]] and 12,000 troops, including Wolfe's regiment.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riding |first1=Jacqueline |title=Jacobites: A New History of the 45 Rebellion |date=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1408819128|page=195}}</ref>

On 8 November, the Jacobite army crossed into England, avoiding government forces at [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] by taking the western route via [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]].{{sfnp|Brumwell|2006|pp=42–43}} They reached [[Derby]] before turning back on 6 December, largely due to lack of English support, and successfully returned to Scotland.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pittock |first=Murray |author-link=Murray Pittock |title=Jacobitism |date=1998 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0333667989|page=115}}</ref> Wolfe was [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Henry Hawley]], commander at [[Battle of Falkirk (1746)|Falkirk]] and fought at [[Battle of Culloden|Culloden]] in April under Cumberland.<ref>Riding, p. 346</ref>

A famous anecdote claims Wolfe refused an order to shoot a wounded Highland officer after Culloden, the person giving the order variously named as Cumberland or Hawley. There is certainly evidence to confirm Jacobite wounded were killed and Hawley was one of those who gave orders to that effect.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Royle |first1=Trevor |title=Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire|date=2016 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-1408704011|page=99}}</ref> However, the claim that he refused such orders cannot be confirmed, while author and historian John Prebble refers to the killings as 'symptomatic of the army's general mood and behaviour.'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Prebble |first1=John |title=Culloden |date=1963 |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=978-0712668200 |page=203 |edition=2002}}</ref> This included Wolfe; as leader of punitive raids after the battle, he wrote to a colleague that 'as few Highlanders are made prisoner as possible.'<ref>Royle, p.119</ref>