Editing Jakarta (section)

===Colonial era===
{{see also|Batavia, Dutch East Indies|List of colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta}}
[[File:Batavia - Townhall 1770.jpg|thumb|The City Hall of Batavia (''Stadhuis van Batavia''), the seat of the governor-general of the [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]] in the late 18th century by [[Johannes Rach]] c. 1770. The building now houses the [[Jakarta History Museum]], [[Jakarta Old Town]]]]
When relations between Prince Jayawikarta and the Dutch deteriorated, his soldiers attacked the Dutch fortress. His army and their EIC allies, however, were defeated by the Dutch, in part owing to the timely arrival of [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]]. The Dutch burned the EIC trading post and forced them to retreat to their ships. The victory consolidated Dutch power, and they renamed the city ''Batavia'' in 1619.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Commercial opportunities in the city attracted native and especially Chinese and Arab immigrants. This sudden population increase created burdens on the city. Tensions grew as the colonial government tried to restrict Chinese migration through deportations. Following a revolt, 5,000 Chinese were [[1740 Batavia massacre|massacred]] by the Dutch and natives on 9 October 1740, and the following year, Chinese inhabitants were moved to [[Glodok]] outside the city walls.{{sfn|Witton|2003|pp=138–39}} At the beginning of the 19th century, around 400 Arabs and Moors lived in Batavia, a number that changed little during the following decades. Among the commodities traded were fabrics, mainly imported cotton, ''[[batik]]'' and clothing worn by Arab communities.{{sfn|Nas|Grijns|2000|p=145}}

[[File:Coat of Arms of Batavia (1930).svg|thumb|Coat of Arms of [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] during Dutch colonial era, granted in 1930]]
The city began to expand further south as epidemics in 1835 and 1870 forced residents to move away from the port. The ''Koningsplein'', now [[Merdeka Square, Jakarta|Merdeka Square]] was completed in 1818, the housing park of [[Menteng]] was started in 1913,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://travele.co.id/sejarah-perkembangan-kota-jakarta/ |title=Menteng: Pelopor Kota Taman |date=3 November 2007 |publisher=Badan Perencanaan Kotamadya Jakarta Pusat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220150339/http://www.bapekojakartapusat.go.id/node/42 |archive-date=20 February 2009 |language=id}}</ref> and [[Kebayoran Baru]] was the last Dutch-built residential area.{{sfn|Witton|2003|pp=138–39}} By 1930, Batavia had more than 500,000 inhabitants,{{sfn|Henderson|1970|pp=81–82}} including 37,067 Europeans.{{sfn|Bakker|Kooy|Shofiani|Martijn|2008|p=1891}} The city was expanded in 1935 through the annexation of the town of Meester Cornelis, modern [[Jatinegara]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Sejarah perkembangan Kota Jakarta |date=2000 |publisher=Pemerintah Propinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Dinas Museum dan Pemugaran |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHpwAAAAMAAJ&q=meester+cornelis+batavia+1935 |language=id}}</ref>

On 5 March 1942, the Japanese captured [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] from Dutch control, and the city was named Jakarta ({{Nihongo|Jakarta Special City|ジャカルタ特別市|Jakaruta tokubetsu-shi}}, under the special status that was assigned to the city). After the war, the Dutch name Batavia was internationally recognised until full Indonesian independence on 27 December 1949. The city, now renamed Jakarta, was officially proclaimed the national capital of Indonesia.