Editing Jagiellonian University (section)

===Turmoil and near closure after the partitions===
[[File:Collegium Novum UJ 02 Krakow.jpg|left|thumb|The ''[[Collegium Novum]]'' in the [[Kraków Old Town|Old Town District]]]]
After the [[Partitions of Poland|third partition of Poland]] in 1795 and the ensuing [[Napoleonic Wars]], Kraków became a [[Free City of Kraków|free city]] under the protection of the [[Austrian Empire]]; this, however, was not to last long. In 1846, after the [[Kraków Uprising]], the city and its university became part of the [[Austrian Empire]].<ref name="officialhistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.uj.edu.pl/uniwersytet/historia |title=History |last=Waltos |first=Stanisław |publisher=Jagiellonian University |access-date=28 September 2010 |archive-date=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601014346/http://www.uj.edu.pl/uniwersytet/historia |url-status=live }}&nbsp;{{in lang|pl }}</ref> The Austrians were in many ways hostile to the institution and, soon after their arrival, removed many of the furnishings from the ''Collegium Maius''' ''Auditorium Maximum'' in order to convert it into a grain store. However, the threat of closure of the University was ultimately dissipated by [[Ferdinand I of Austria]]'s decree to maintain it. By the 1870s the fortunes of the university had improved so greatly that many scholars had returned. The liquefaction of nitrogen and oxygen was successfully demonstrated by professors Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski in 1883. Thereafter the Austrian authorities took on a new role in the development of the university and provided funds for the construction of a number of new buildings, including the neo-gothic ''[[Collegium Novum]]'', which opened in 1887.<ref name="officialhistory"/> It was, conversely, from this building that in 1918 a large painting of ''[[Kaiser]]'' [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]] was removed and [[Iconoclasm|destroyed]] by Polish students advocating the reestablishment of an independent Polish state.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/wladyslaw-jan-pochwalski |title=Władysła Jan Pochwalski |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230161636/https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/wladyslaw-jan-pochwalski |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Image:Stanislaw Tarnowski.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Count]] [[Stanisław Tarnowski]] was, between 1871 and 1909, twice rector of the university.]]
[[File:Krakow, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Collegium Novum. ca 1900 (71416528) (cropped).jpg|thumb|The university around 1900|left]]

For the 500th anniversary of the university's foundation, a monument to [[Copernicus]] was placed in the quadrangle of the ''Collegium Maius''; this statue is now to be found in the direct vicinity of the ''Collegium Novum'', outside the ''Collegium Witkowskiego'', to where it was moved in 1953.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sztuka.net/palio/html.run?_Instance=sztuka&_PageID=857&newsId=7361&_cms=newser&callingPageId=856&_CheckSum=-282421568 |title=Kraków – Pomnik Mikołaja Kopernika |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412091352/https://www.sztuka.net/palio/html.run?_Instance=sztuka&_PageID=857&newsId=7361&_cms=newser&callingPageId=856&_CheckSum=-282421568 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nevertheless, it was in the Grzegórzecka and the Kopernika areas that much of the university's expansion took place up to 1918; during this time the ''Collegium Medicum'' was relocated to a site just east of the centre, and was expanded with the addition of a number of modern teaching hospitals – this 'medical campus' remains to this day. By the late 1930s, the number of students at the university had increased dramatically to almost 6,000. Now a major centre for education in the independent [[Republic of Poland]], the university attained government support for the purchase of building plots for new premises, as a result of which a number of residencies were built for students and professors alike. However, of all the projects begun during this era, the most important would have to be the creation of the [[Jagiellonian Library]]. The library's monumental building, construction of which began in 1931, was finally completed towards the end of the interwar period, which allowed the university's many varied literary collections to be relocated to their new home by the outbreak of war in 1939.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bj.uj.edu.pl/historia |title=Dzieje Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=20 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720134449/https://bj.uj.edu.pl/historia |url-status=dead }}</ref>